Objective: This document is to report the clinical application and outcome of custom designed Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prosthesis (ITAP) in the left hind limb in a wildlife Arabian Tahr ( Arabitragus jayakari ). Sample Population: A 4-year-old, 15 kg Arabian female Tahr from the Omani Mammals Breeding Center. Method: The distal aspect of the left tibia was amputated due to trauma. A custom designed ITAP was inserted into the tibia 5 months after amputation. Two weeks after the surgery an exoprosthesis was attached to the limb. The outcome of the surgery was measured by means of assessments of the limb function and radiographic examination. Results: Fourteen days after surgery the exoprosthesis was attached. The animal was walking showing lameness grade 2/5 (AAEP lameness scale). Within three weeks lameness improved to grade 1/5. Skin integration with the ITAP was achieved within 28 days. The Tahr was successfully reunited with the breeding herd. Conclusion: Application of the ITAP to the left tibia of the Arabian Tahr resulted in positive functional outcomes. Six months post-surgery observations confirmed ambulation with grade 1/5 lameness was restored. The animal was reintroduced to the breeding group. Clinical Relevance: ITAP offers a viable option to restore functionality and ambulation in wildlife.

The Arabian leopard (Panthera pardus nimr) is critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, with an effective population of 150-250 across its entire range in the Arabian Peninsula. Isolation and preservation of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells is beneficial both for medical and research purposes. The optimal protocol for collection, handling, culturing and preserving the Arabian leopard mesenchymal stem cells acquired from bone marrow was established. Anesthesia with combination of medetomidine and tiletamine-zozalepam is the safest option even for old animals with concurrent disease including chronic kidney disease.