This paper develops a theoretical and empirical model of local spending on education that analyzes the effect of institutional structure on education spending. It attempts to determine whether the theory of bureaucratic behavior is consistent with school district spending decisions by testing the hypothesis that the number of school districts in a county has a negative effect on per pupil expenditures. The results are not consistent with the theory, but indicate that a fragmented school district structure serves to increase expenditures.

Focusing on multifamily land use, this note discusses the hypothesis that zoning policies in a community are related to the zoning policies of surrounding communities. A community may restrict certain types of land use to preserve its neighborhood quality. As a result surrounding communities may adopt similar policies to prevent an influx that would reduce neighborhood quality. Empirically, a model is formulated to test whether the amount of multifamily development in a community is related to the amount of multifamily land use in surrounding communities. Other variables control for the effects of market forces, fiscal factors, and other effects. The empirical results are consistent with the hypothesis.

This paper considers the role that urban spatial structure may play in the process of occupational segregation, and argues that neoclassical economic models of urban employment and residential location decisions have not considered the relationship between gender-based labor market status and space. The paper provides a critical feminist perspective on how conventional urban models have been used to explain patterns of segregation, and suggests reasons for limitations in existing theoretical and empirical analysis. It also explores ways in which economists can draw on work in other disciplines to develop fuller and more useful models of the relationship between urban spatial structure and occupational segregation.Feminism, Location Theory, Neoclassical Models, Occupational Segregation, Spatial Structure,

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