Over the course of a century of professional practice, designers have mastered a set of skills that can be productively applied to a wider range of problems than has commonly been supposed. These include complex social problems, issues of organizational management, and strategic innovation. Conversely, non-designers-those in leadership positions in companies, governmental and non-governmental organizations, professionals in a broad range of services and industries-can benefit from learning how to think like designers. We offer some large-scale and more finely grained ideas about how this might happen.

Undergraduates (N = 248) at a private, midsize, Mi dwestern university provided selfreports of their psychological problems, stress, demographic variables, and people to whom they talked when they had problems. Three patter ns of psychological problems emerged: internalized distress, alcohol abus e, and dy sfunctional eating. N either levels of psychological problems nor stress had much of a relationship to self-reported talking, although internalized distress predicted talking to a counselor. Gender, international student status, ethnicity, full-time versus part-ti me status, and major predicted talking to help sources. Females acknowledged talking more frequently, but genders showed the same preferences for help sources. The results raise i ssues of helping students, particularly those with alcohol ab use or eating problems, thr ough either ar enas or personnel whi ch are nontraditional.

An explicit statement of a statistic which is a nonparametric analogue to one-way MANOVA is presented. The statistic is a multivariate extension of the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test (1952). The large sample reference distribution of the test statistic is derived together with a set of computational formulas for the test statistic. In addition two post hoc procedures are developed and compared. The statistic and its post hoc procedures are illustrated with a data example from the behavioral sciences.

Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action was used to formulate a persuasive communication in an attempt to influence unclassified American college students' beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors regarding signing up for a career as a registered nurse. A two-stage cluster sample was used to assign 90 male and female students to either an experimental or control group. After persuasive communication exposure, the experimental group showed a significantly more positive change in beliefs, attitudes, and intentions than did the control group exposed to a neutral message. Sign-up rate was also statistically significant for the experimental group. With the Fishbein model to predict sign-up behavior, no other scores were found to add to the prediction once behavioral intention was entered into the model. Change in behavioral intention explained 49% of the variation in behavior. Normative belief scores did not approach statistical significance.

The authors examined the roles of depression and attachment to fathers in college women's eating dysfunctions. Three-hundred six undergraduate women completed (1) a diagnostic measure of eating dysfunctions that categorized them as asymptomatic, symptomatic but not eating disordered, or eating disordered; (2) 3 dimensional measures of attachment to fathers; and (3) a dimensional measure of depression. Depression was directly related to severity of participants' eating dysfunction; the eating-disordered group had scores consistent with clinical depression. After controlling for depression, 3 facets of attachment to fathers significantly differentiated the 3 groups.