The World Health Organization defines human health as physical, mental and social well-being. However, the contemporary challenges of health care systems in the world, dedicated to various health problems, are more and more often characterized by a holistic approach to health. Therefore, they require many definitions of health in various aspects of maintaining health and the pursuit of health. Health is the physiologically correct functioning of systems and organs, and the ability to maintain it is an active process involving distinct adaptive mechanisms that coordinate interactions between the body's systems and organs. Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain health and the proper functioning of the body in the face of changing external or internal factors. One is the human microbiome, which is made up of microbes that make up a biocenosis, which can vary from person to person. Various types of microflora inhabit the human skin, mouth, nose and intestines, playing a role in the immune system and human metabolism. The literature review shows the relationship between the human microbiome and nutritional needs, metabolic rate and other measures of health. Research in this direction will contribute to the identification of ways to modify lifestyle elements in order to prevent civilization diseases.