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Confusion on a somatic basis is a dangerous problem mainly related with aging of the population. Data says that consciousness disorders concern 10-15% of patients in general wards, and up to 50% of patients admitted to geriatric wards. The persistence of the symptoms of confusion results in increase of agitation, disorganization, fear, which increases the risk of self-injuries of patients, it causes the need for parenteral feeding and hydratation, as well as maintaining water balance, and also disturbs cooperation, worsening the course and prognosis of the primary disease. It is believed that consciousness disorders are one of the most difficult diagnostic problems and the most difficult therapy problem among psychotic disorders. So far in Poland there have been no screening evaluation tools to assess the occurrence of confusion on the somatic basis. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Polish translation of the widely used scale to assess consciousness disorders, intended also for middle personnel of health care – Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). Numerous studies over 16 years established the position of CAM as an exceptionally effective standardized diagnostic test, specifying the sensitivity of 94-100%, specificity from 90-95%, positive predictive value of 91-94%, negative predictive value of 90-100%. The questionnaire and instructions of its interpretation have been translated by doctors with active help from the original creators of CAM. Further studies are required in order to validate and determine the effectiveness of the newly formed diagnostic tool.

Myxomas make up about 50% of benign cardiac neoplasms. The most common location is within the left atrium. At the initial stage they do not exhibit any specific clinical symptoms, so they are often diagnosed by accident or during examinations recommended for other reasons. Here we present a case of left atrium myxoma in a patient (a man, age 68 years) with a dual chamber pacemaker. The myxoma did not reveal any clinical symptoms and was discovered in echocardiography during routine diagnostic examination preceding pacemaker implantation. The literature search made by the authors showed that this is the first recorded case of myxoma in a patient after the implantation of a biventricular pacemaker.

Open Life Sci. 2015; 10: 546-553 day I, correlated well to vaspin concentrations (r 2 = 0.201, p = 0.011). ATP levels were significantly lower in patients vs. controls (day I: p = 0.00012; day IV: p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Changes in the analyzed visfatin and vaspin concentrations can be used as potential MI markers. Visfatin serum concentration may be considered a potential marker to differentiate MI over time.Keywords: myocardial infarction, visfatin, vaspin, adenine nucleotides, uric acid IntroductionAdipocytokines are a large group of bioactive proteins and they manifest hormone-like attributes with properites similar to some chemokines, cytokines and growth factors. Specific changes in the circulatory levels of adipokines appear to have a proatherogenic, proinflammatory and anti-insulin effects on human cells [1].Visfatin is an adipokine mainly expressed in visceral fat tissue, and is also produced in the myocardium, bone marrow, skeletal muscle, and liver [2]. Visfatin occurs in a form of a dimer, capable of binding and hydrolyzing ATP. Visfatin undergoes self-phosphorylation which enhances its catalytic function in nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism [2]. Increased visfatin serum levels were found in some diseases associated with obesity, atherogenesis and insulin-resistance [3]. Visfatin has been considered as a pro-inflammatory factor and is also associated with vascular smooth muscle cell maturation and plaque destabilization [2,4]. The plasma visfatin level was found to be elevated in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) [5].Vaspin, identified in 2005, is a serine protease inhibitor secreted only by visceral fat tissue [6]. In animal models, it has been shown that vaspin enhances insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues thus improving glucose tolerance, Abstract: Introduction: The association of vaspin and visfatin, with a myocardial infarction is still not fully understood. Reduced levels of adenine nucleotides are hallmarks of chronic heart failure. There is little data concerning the relationship between these markers and their changes over time. Material/Methods: The concentration of adenine nucleotides, vaspin and visfatinwere assessed in 41 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction one before (day I) and four days after (day IV) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and a control group. Results: Visfatin concentrations were higher before and after PCI vs. control (visfatin I: median 25.55, visfatin IV: median 20.79,.61 ng/ml vs. control: median 14.94, 10.66 -25.25 ng/ml; p < 0.0001). Vaspin concentrations were lower before and after PCI vs. control (vaspin I: median 0.18, 0.11 -0.44 ng/ml; vaspin IV: median 0.24, 0.15 -0.58 ng/ml vs. control: median 1.303, 1.13 -2.26 ng/ml, p < 0.00001). Concentrations of visfatin,