In this paper we investigate the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility performance (CSP) and firms' financial standingcorporate financial performance (CFP) in ten Global Industry Classification System (GICS) sectors. The analysis of each sector provides unique opportunity of finding these CSR actions which nowadays play the most important role. We use Thomson Reuters ASSET4 ratings in order to proxy the CSR behaviour of 2428 companies from all over the world in the period of 2009-2012. We find CSR actions' effects measured by value increase as well as transitory effect on earnings conditional upon the company's sector. Firstly, we prove that eco-efficiency investments are value destructors in 8 out 10 sectors. For corporate governance we find significant results only in three sectors with ambiguous characteristic. Despite of adding the third, social dimension we observe relatively lesser impact of CSR actions on firms' financial performance in case of four sectors.

Patients with diagnosed frailty syndrome (FS) represent a special group of patients with chronic disease. In the classic definition, frailty syndrome includes such parameters as reduced muscle strength, subjective feeling of fatigue, unintentional weight loss, slow gait, and low physical activity. Frailty syndrome leads to an increased incidence of adverse events, such as falls, hospitalizations, and the need to place patients in care and health institutions associated with the loss of independence; frailty syndrome is also associated with an increased incidence of death. In European countries, the frequency of frailty syndrome in the geriatric population is estimated to be 17% with a range from 5.8% to 27%, and its incidence increases with age. A much higher percentage of frailty syndrome patients is also observed among hospitalized patients. The incidence of frailty syndrome is influenced by many socio-economic factors, but also medical factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 patients, >65 years of age, participated in the study. During the study, anthropometric measurements, surveys, laboratory determinations of basic biochemical parameters, and iron status were investigated; 5 mL of peripheral blood in EDTA was also collected for further laboratory tests of hepcidin and soluable transferrin receptor (sTfR) using ELISA. Then, the statistical analysis was performed based on survey and clinical data. Results: Among the patients >65 years of age, the incidence of frailty syndrome was 27.5%. It was found that its occurrence was associated with socio-economic factors, malnutrition, multiple morbidities, reduced muscle strength and gait speed, and polypharmacotherapy. The relationship between reduced iron concentration and the occurrence of frailty syndrome was confirmed. Conclusions: According to the analysis, it was found that a decrease in iron concentration was associated with frailty syndrome.

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This article shows that announcement of share repurchase programs on Polish market is used as a price catalyst when the spread between intrinsic and market value is large. The article presents determinants, conditions and results of 77 open market share repurchase programs conducted on Warsaw Stock Exchange (WSE) between 2005 and 2010. We find the behaviour of management boards of companies listed on WSE consistent with the market timing theory assumptions, as in most cases managers passed the information to the market without any additional economic costs. Investors who adopted the strategy to invest in undervalued stocks and hold the securities for 6 months realized a total return of 61.15% in the analyzed period.