Pain is an unpleasant sensation localized to a part of body. It is a subjective experience, hard to define quantitatively. Chronic pain is an affliction of millions of patients and is associated with comorbidities such as depression and anxiety. Current standard of care for pain management includes Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like Ibuprofen and Opioid analgesics such as Pentazocine. NSAIDs are effective analgesics and are very frequently used as overthe-counter (OTC) medication. Opioids are the most potent analgesics and provide a rapid and sustained pain relief. Adjuvant analgesics include anti-depressants, anti-convulsants etc. Fluoxetine is a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) used mainly as an anti-depressant. Previous studies on the efficacy of Fluoxetine for pain management have imparted us with conflicting data. Hence this present study was carried out with a view to elucidate its analgesic action and to compare it with standard drugs like Ibuprofen and Pentazocine. AIMS: The present study was conducted with the following objectives in mind: 1) To evaluate analgesic activity of Fluoxetine. 2) To compare analgesic activity of Fluoxetine with Ibuprofen and Pentazocine. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Materials: Adult albino rats, Eddy's Hot-plate, Tuberculin syringe. Drugs: Ibuprofen, Pentazocine and Fluoxetine. The study was carried out from 1 st to 9 th August, 2011 at the Department of Pharmacology, MR Medical College, Gulbarga. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Though Fluoxetine has significant analgesic properties as demonstrated by our study, but when compared with standard analgesics like Ibuprofen and Pentazocine, it is found lacking. From the present study it is apparent that Fluoxetine has significantly high activity in central-analgesic model i.e. Hot-plate method.

Dyslipidemia is one of the leading causes of various cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders. Death from cardio-vascular disorders accounted for 36.3% of the 2.4 million deaths worldwide. Recognition that dyslipidemia is a risk factor has led to the development of drugs that modify cholesterol level. The intensity of therapy should be sufficient to achieve 30-40% reduction in LDL-C without side effects and low cost. The prescription order is an important therapeutic transaction between the prescriber and the patient. It has been well accepted that inadequate and irrational prescriptions could lead to serious consequences. The study was carried out by observing and analyzing data of 100 consecutive patients admitted in ICU and receiving lipid lowering agents for a period of eighteen months. From the study it is found that statins are the cornerstone of pharmacotherapy of dyslipidemias. At the same time the importance of dietary manipulations can't be ignored in management of dyslipidemias. Statins are relatively safe drugs however a few significant adverse reactions such as myalgia were also encountered during the course of the study.

There is an increase in non-degenerative memory-related disorders in elderly people. Curcuma Longa linn. can induce cognitive improvement by reducing oxidative stress and antioxidant property. This study evaluated the effect of chronic administration of Curcuma Longa linn. on learning and memory in mice. Twenty four male swiss albino mice aged 6 to 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g  were randomized into control, standard, and test groups. Control group received 0.5% Carboxymethylcellulose; the standard group received piracetam and test group received Curcuma Longa linn. orally for 42 days (6 weeks). Water maze test and step-through passive avoidance test were used to evaluate the effect of Curcuma Longa linn. on learning and memory. 1 week of water maze training done (day 40 to 46). On day 47, spatial memory assessment was done. On day 49 retention memory assessment was done. In control, tandard, and test groups, the mean escape latency (EL) was observed to be 42.7, 30.7, and 31.3 seconds on day 43 which decreased to 11.3, 11.6, and 9.8 seconds on 46th day, respectively. The EL in all the three groups decreased from day 43 to Day 46 (p<0.01). The time spent in the northeast target quadrant was more in the test group (21.6 seconds) compared to control (19.9 seconds) and standard group (19.6 seconds) (p=0.768). Test group showed a trend towards improvement in retention memory (p=0.293) in passive avoidance test. In conclusion, Curcuma Longa linn. demonstrated that long term administration may be useful in enhancing the learning in albino mice but there was no improvement in retention of memory in test group mice as compared to the standard and controlled animals.

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