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Objective: Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of soft tissue tumors to assess the value of these techniques in verifying the primary diagnosis and their classification. Methods: A prospective study of 93 consecutive soft tissue biopsies that reached the department of histopathology, central labs, Dohuk, and application of immunohistochemical markers on 27 biopsies. Results: Out of 93 soft tissue tumors, 70 (75.2%) were benign with mean age 27.6 y. and 23 cases (24.8 %) were malignant with mean age 39.1 y.. Immunohistochemistery was performed in 27 cases; 21 (77.7%) cases of malignant tumors and 6 (22.3%) benign cases. The most common benign tumors were Lipoma, Haemangioma, Neurofibroma, while malignant muscle tumors (leiomyosarcoma and Rhabdomyosarcoma) and malignant round cell tumors (Ewing's sarcoma/ PNET) were the major groups. Conclusion: High quality H and E stained section, remain the best method for establishing the primary diagnosis of soft tissue tumors, but immunohistochemical examination proved extremely helpful in sub classifying them, where 7 out of 9 cases of gastrointestinal tumors (GISTs) showed strong immunoreactivity with (c-kit proteins) CD 117 , CD 34 , while other (non GISTs) tumors were negative.

Background: With the advance in medical practices, gastric cancer remains one of the deadly diseases with poor prognosis. Appropriate diagnosis of the histological gastric cancer type may improve the treatment and the prognosis. The objective of this study is to apply immunohistochemical (IHC) markers for the diagnosis of undifferentiated gastric malignancies. Among 126 patients diagnosed as cases with malignant gastric tumors, from September 2008 to September 2013, 55 cases were assigned as undifferentiated tumors and were subjected to IHC evaluation by application of many IHC markers and special stains for further categorization; Results: After the application of different IHC markers and special stains, the 55 cases which were assigned as undifferentiated revealed to be carcinoma (37 cases), lymphoma (9 cases), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (7 cases) and leiomyosarcoma and neuroendocrine tumor one case for each. IHC findings had changed the primary diagnoses based on morphological data in 4 instances; two cases were thought to be signet ring carcinoma and proved by IHC to be lymphomas and other two cases were thought to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma and proved to be GIST. Therefore; IHC is a valuable tool for the diagnosis of undifferentiated malignant gastric tumors.

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Background: Histopathological evaluation of endometrial samples is essential in the diagnosing of abnormal uterine bleeding. The abnormal bleeding can be caused by a wide variety of disorders and it is one of the commonest complaints leading to endometrial sampling. This study was carried out to assess the patterns of endometrial histological findings in women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and to correlate these findings with clinical features. Materials and Methods: One thousand and nine hundred fifty six patients with diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding underwent endometrial sampling in Duhok city during a period extended from January 2013 to December 2014. The slides stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin stain were studied. Results: The predominant endometrial histopathological finding was pregnancy related lesion (Retained products of conception) 403 cases (20.6%) followed by secretory endometrium 363 cases (18.5%). Malignant lesions were more common in patients aged 40 years and more and they were comprised 9 cases (0.4%) of all cases. Endometritis was least finding 29 cases (1.8%) followed by endometrial carcinoma 9 cases (0.4%). Conclusions: Histopathological examination of endometrium should be done in women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding to rule out neoplastic and non neoplastic specially the retained products of conception hyperplasia and malignant lesions. Around 40% of endometrial biopsy reaveled absence of pathological findings which reflects the high icidence of extrauterine causes of abnormal uterine bleeding. Pregnancy related lesions were the highest among organic findings which highlight the needs for more perinatal care. KEYWORDS:Endometrium hyperplasia, abnormal uterine bleeding, proliferative and secretory endometrium.