Background: Spinal anesthesia for LSCS has a high incidence of maternal hypotension which can be severe and disastrous for the fetus and the mother. Coloading in these patients is a physiologically more appropriate method for preventing spinal anesthesia induced hypotension.Methods: 100 ASA I patients for elective LSCS were randomly divided into two equal groups to either receive 1000ml colloid (6% Hetastarch) or 1000ml crystalloids (Ringer lactate) as coload. NIBP, heart rate SPO2 and incidence of nausea and vomiting and use of ephedrine to treat any hypotension was recorded. Fetal outcome was measured using APGAR score at 0, 1 and 5 minutes.Results: The incidence of hypotension was lesser with colloid coload group (41.7%) as compared to the crystalloid coload group (58.3%) but the difference between the two groups was statistically insignificant. Similarly, no statistically significant difference was noted in the incidence of nausea and vomiting and Fetal APGAR score between the two groups.Conclusions: Both Colloid and Crystalloid coloading is effective in decreasing the incidence of spinal anesthesia induced hypotension during LSCS with lesser incidence of hypotension and nausea vomiting with colloid coloading.

Background: PCOS is a complex endocrine disorder characterized by menstrual dysfunction, anovulation, infertility and hyper androgenic symptoms with dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular diseases, and impaired glucose tolerance and type II diabetes mellitus. Multiple risk factors are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS.Methods: A comparative evaluation of deranged lipid profile and OGTT in PCOS patients with normal females was done in patients with age group of 15 to 30 years. The Rotterdam criteria for PCOS was used for selection of the participants prospectively and a detailed history regarding period of amenorrhea, menstrual cycles, obstetric history, any past history of medical disorder were taken followed by general physical, systemic and obstetric examination. All the patients underwent Ultrasound examination, OGTT and lipid profile, prolactin, 17-OH progesterone and testosterone level.Results: A significant association of PCOS with deranged lipid profile and blood glucose tolerance and obesity was observed. Patients with PCOS had higher prevalence of oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism and acne. Furthermore, a statistically significant trend was seen where signs and symptoms like infertility, hirsutism and acne, deranged OGTT and dyslipidaemia were more frequently associated with increased BMI, sedentary life style intake of high calorie diets.Conclusions: An association between obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary factors with PCOS was observed which can be modified to improve the health condition of the women with PCOS.

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Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive naturally after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. The chance to conceive depends on multiple factors like the length of sexual intercourse, frequency of coitus and age of couples. This could be due to male as well as female factors and deficiencies.Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted on infertility patients. A fertility questionnaire was designed for both the partners with questions covering knowledge and attitude towards infertility.Results: A total 100 couples were selected in which prevalence of primary and secondary infertility was 72% and 28% respectively. The mean duration of infertility was 3 years. On scoring their level of knowledge, 52% had inadequate knowledge, 44% had moderate knowledge and 4% had adequate knowledge. There was no statistically significant difference in the knowledge in relation to their educational qualification and type of infertility among participants.Conclusions: Infertility is common problem affecting 10-15% of the population. The knowledge about infertility and its risk factors is generally limited among the participants, in spite of their educational status.