Background The Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (SIADH) has been described to be associated with a multitude of conditions and medications, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We describe the case of a patient with newly diagnosed and symptomatic SIADH after receiving the second COVID-19 vaccination not explained otherwise. Case presentation A 79-year-old male person was admitted to the emergency department due to a worsening of his general health state expressed by weakness, fatigue and anorexia. Vital signs and clinical findings were normal, in particular the patient was considered to be euvolemic. Laboratory investigations revealed a serum sodium of 117 mmol/L, a serum osmolality of 241 mosm/kg and a urea of 1.2 mmol/L with creatinine within normal range. Urine chemistry showed a urine osmolality of 412 mosm/kg and urine sodium of 110 mmol/L. TSH, C-reactive protein, and basal cortisol levels were normal. Under therapy with balanced crystalloid fluids, hyponatremia worsened and in absence of diuretic medications, diagnosis of SIADH was made. Since fluid restriction was not sufficiently effective, oral urea was administered. Under this therapy regimen hyponatremia resolved. Conclusions Local as well as systemic reactions have been described for the new mRNA-based vaccines including pain and fever. Therefore, it is imaginable that the vaccine might trigger SIADH in some patients.

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Les baisses aiguës de la vigilance confrontent les équipes soignantes à une tâche difficile. La clarification rapide de l'étiologie est décisive pour le succès du traitement. Le cas présenté ci-dessous a pour objectif d'illustrer de manière exemplaire le diagnostic différentiel en cas de troubles de la conscience d'origine indéterminée.