Introduction: Fasciolosis represents a significant economic impact on livestock production in different countries. The gold standard method for diagnosing fasciolosis is currently a coprological examination, based on egg detection in stool. However, this approach is undoubtedly ineffective, especially during the acute phase of the disease. In order to detect all stages of infection, an alternative serological method is used to confirm the infected animals with fasciolosis. Thus, we aimed to identify the pre-patent and patent periods of equine fasciolosis using both copromicroscopical and the ELISA technique in different areas in Garmian region and Sulaimani provinces. Material and Methods: A coprological and the sensitive ELISA techniques were used to detect the presence of Fasciola hepatica in the infected horses through detection of the serum antibodies against secretary and the excretory antigens from F. hepatica. Results: The coproprevalence and seroprevalence of equine fasciolosis were found to be 16% and 58%, respectively, in a total of 50 fecal and 50 blood samples from equine of various ages. Conclusion: It was concluded that a serological test had an accurate result for the detection of Fasciola infection in horses than the coprological methods; particularly in horses had advanced into the patent period of the infection.

Animal welfare science has been focused on how animal express their emotion. The emotion can be either positive or negative. The connections between positive emotion and peripheral temperatures are relatively neglected. Therefore, the current study was designed to measure nasal and ear pinna temperatures as a method to determine positive emotional state in Kurdish cow produced by gentle stroking of the animal body. Twelve Kurdish cows, aged 3-7 years, were used in this study. The cows were stroked in preferred regions (shoulder, neck and withers) to induce positive emotional state. The stroking manner was similar to allogrooming. The temperature data were collected from both nose and ear pinna of the animals in three different stages including pre-stroking, stroking and post-stroking. Each stage lasted five minutes. Focal animal sampling method was used to collect the data. Results showed that the three stages of nasal temperature were significantly different (P<0.001), and significant difference was also seen between the stages of ear pinna temperatures (P<0.05). In addition, strong correlation coefficient (r= 0.91) was found between nasal and ear pinna temperatures. Both nasal and ear pinna temperatures decreased over time. It was concluded that peripheral temperatures in Kurdish cows is a good welfare indicator and provide a useful measure for positive emotional state.