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The segmentation of a single leaf from an image with overlapping leaves is an important step towards the realization of effective precision agricultural systems. A popular approach used for this segmentation task is the hybridization of the Chan-Vese model and the Sobel operator CV-SO. This hybridized approach is popular because of its simplicity and effectiveness in segmenting a single leaf of interest from a complex background of overlapping leaves. However, the manual threshold and parameter tuning procedure of the CV-SO algorithm often degrades its detection performance. In this paper, we address this problem by introducing a dynamic iterative model to determine the optimal parameters for the CV-SO algorithm, which we dubbed the Dynamic CV-SO (DCV-SO) algorithm. This is a new hybrid automatic segmentation technique that attempts to improve the detection performance of the original hybrid CV-SO algorithm by reducing its mean error rate. The results obtained via simulation indicate that the proposed method yielded a 1.23% reduction in the mean error rate against the original CV-SO method.

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In the world of aviation, current evidence suggests that data management systems are majorly centralized and at the same time suffer some noted shortfalls. Whereas, under this system of operation, it is hard to guarantee trust, especially data provenance, in addition to other shortfalls. More so, there are issues of lack of sufficient governance of data immutability, transparency, auditability, and traceability; which present debilitating drawbacks to the current regime of centralized data management systems in aviation industries. Blockchain as a new normal disruptive technology promises potency and reliability in data trust, traceability, transparency, auditability, and immutability. Blockchain further emphasizes immutability for stored and exchanged data, in transaction environments, in a decentralized and secure manner. That is, in a manner whereby a trusted third-party involvement is not required. For this reason, this paper discusses and highlights the key characteristics that differentiate and denominate Blockchain. It dwells more upon Blockchain application in aviation, in its several sectors such as passenger verification, In-flight Entertainment (IFE) Monetization, Smart Contract, Digital Identity, Distribution, Payment, and so on. Also, the paper did not conclude without pointing out areas of inconclusive research in Blockchain technology to stimulate further research studies leading to new understanding, knowledge, ideation, and idea incubation.