The article explores reasons for the lack of success of digital electronic shelf labels (ESLs) in US retail settings. It suggests that these reasons can be traced by referring to the triple meaning of ‘digital’: ‘Digital’ now means electronic, but the word also long encompassed numerals – a digit is a number – and body parts – digitus is the Latin word for the finger, that is, the index we use to point at things or manipulate them. The current fate of ESLs is linked to a long history that combined these three dimensions. The study unfolds along a twofold narrative. First, it reviews the recent introduction of ESLs in the United States based on the reading of papers and advertisements published in Progressive Grocer, a leading trade press magazine. Then, it goes ‘back to the future’ by exploring the roots of ESLs over a century. This historical study is based on the analysis of the evolution of US price tag patents (through a network study of patents citations and their evolution); the network analysis is complemented with the history of the US price tag market (through the knowledge gained from Progressive Grocer). The results show that digital price fixing depends on past and present systems and infrastructures, cost constraints and payback schemes, legal frameworks, and social projects.
L’actualité du marché des produits de grande consommation est marquée par l’apparition d’applications mobiles permettant aux consommateurs d’évaluer les produits alimentaires en scannant leurs codes-barres. Cet article analyse les critères de qualification et de notation des produits mobilisés par ces applications et les projets controversés de gouvernement des conduites qui les sous-tendent. Il montre que les applications évaluent les produits à partir de conceptions plurielles du « bien manger », qu’elles s’articulent autour de quelques dimensions prépondérantes (la qualité nutritionnelle, les additifs et le niveau de transformation des produits) et qu’elles participent tout à la fois à prolonger et à détourner l’action des pouvoirs publics en matière de gouvernement des conduites alimentaires et d’information du consommateur.
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