The degree of polymerization (DP) of inulin plays important rolein inulin utilization.This study aims to determine and compare DP of inulin from dahlia tubers that wereextracted in fresh and extracted after storaging in 15 days.Extraction of inulin is carried out based on its solubility in hot water.DP of inulin was measured using a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument with variety of measurement conditions. HPLC with RID detector, Hi-plex H Column, 100% aquabidest mobile phase, flow rate of 0.6 ml / minute, and injection volume of 20 µl gave the best measurement results. Dahlia tubers extracted in fresh produce fructose content 1.02%, while extracted after storaging in 15 days produce fructose content 1.71%.Hence, DP of inulin from dahlia tubers extracted in fresh is greater than DP of inulin from dahlia tubers extracted after storaging in 15 days.

It has been proposed that Niemann-Pick C1 like-1 (NPC1L1) is an intermediate membrane protein that facilitates cholesterol absorption at enterocytes, yet it is still being unknown mechanism. The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of anti-cholesterol in traditional spices and investigate the interactions between anti-cholesterol compounds and NPC1L1. This research analyzed binding pocket, Admet, drug-likeness, the interactions, and binding affinities by DoGSiteScorer and Depth, AdmetSAR tools, and MOE.2009 software, respectively. The interactions and binding affinities were determined by molecular docking between NPC1L1 and 18 ligands derived from spices such as Cinnamon, Bay leaf, coriander, Garlic, Red Onion, Tumeric, Indosenian Chilli Pepper. Inhibitors were docked with NPC1L1 (PDB ID: 3QNT), and a comparison was made between the results of Ezetimibe, a prescribed NPC1L1 inhibitor. The Lipinski Rule of Five aids in identifying drug-like compounds and those that are not. As an octanol-water partition coefficient log P not greater than 5, all ligand including Ezetimibe has a higher affinity for the aqueous phase. 11 out of 18 inhibitors were well absorbed and distributed by forecasting oral bioavailability. Quercetin, Curcumin, and 6-Gingerol from onion, turmeric, and ginger are the potential to inhibit cholesterol absorption in the small intestine. These three highest binding energy ligands (-14.0320 to -12.3998 kcal/mol) had high binding affinities as Ezetimibe (-15.5075 kcal/mol). High binding affinities of Ezetimibe and these ligands interact at almost in the exact locations of the N-terminal domain. Through Ser_102 of N-terminal domain NPC1L1 binding with the ligands, we suggest that traditional spices of three ligands could interfere with cholesterol absorption at the early stages.

The advent of the Covid-19 pandemic has influenced many aspects of life, especially the world of education. One of them is the SMA / MA level, which allows you to activate your learning system online. Therefore, information is needed in the form of a learning system called e-learning that can support learning activities. This study aims to develop a flipped classroom (FGIL) based on guided learning of petroleum materials using Moodle for SMA / MA. This study is categorized as R & D with 4D development models. The e-learning products in this study were validated by 4 chemistry teachers, and validity and practicality test analysis were performed by 3 teachers and 10 students in SMAN 6 Padang using the VAiken formula. It was analyzed. Aiken's V-scores, obtained from the validity of the construct and the validity of the content, are 0.88 and 0.89, which is a high category. The results of practical relationships between students and teachers are in the high categories of 84.38 and 87.29, respectively. Based on the results of the data analysis, we can conclude that the content of e-learning is valid and practical to use in the learning process.