ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik dan kimia pati ganyong dan gadung sebelum dan setelah dimodifikasi dengan menggunakan metode ikatan silang (cross linking). Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah karakterisasi pati dari umbi ganyong dan umbi gadung. Tahap kedua pembuatan pati termodifikasi dari pati ganyong dan gadung melalui ikatan silang dengan menggunakan POCl 3 pada konsentrasi 0,04% (v/v); 0,08% (vv); dan 0,12% (v/v). Rancangan penelitian tahap pertama menggunakan tabulasi dan tahap kedua rancangan acak lengkap non faktorial dengan lima kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar pati umbi ganyong sebesar 41,35% dan 38,80% untuk pati umbi gadung. Kadar amilosa pati ganyong 17,59% dan pati gadung 8,92%. Pati ganyong modifikasi mengandung fosfat sebesar 15,74 ppm sedangkan pati gadung 9,54 ppm. Ukuran granula pati ganyong berkisar 20-50 μm dan pati gadung 4,32-4,25 μm. Kadar pati dan amilosa umbi ganyong dan gadung setelah dimodifikasi mengalami penurunan secara signifikan dengan semakin tinggi konsentrasi POCl 3, sedangkan kadar fosfat, derajat substitusi, dan kadar HCN untuk pati gadung mengalami penurunan.Kata kunci: Fosfat, ganyong, gadung, ikatan silang, pati ABSTRACTThe research aimed at studying physical and chemical characteristics of Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst unmodified and modified starch with cross-linking method. This research was divided into two stages. The first stage of the research was characterization of starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst and the second stage of the research was processing of modified starch from Canna edulis Kerr and Dioscorea hispida Dennst through cross-linking by using POCl 3 at the concentration of 0.04%(v/v), 0.08%(v/v), dan 0.12%(v/v). There was no specific research design for the first stage of the research. The collected data was tabulated. The research design for the second stage was non factorial completely randomized design with five replications. The results showed that C. edulis contained starch content (41.35%) and D. hispida (38.80%). C. edulis starch had amylose content (17.59%) and D. hispida starch 8.92%. The modification of C. edulis starch contained of phosphate (15.74 ppm) and D. hispida 9.54 ppm. The starch granule was found in C. edulis (20-50 μm) and starch granule was in D. hispida (4.23 to 4.52 μm). The physical and chemical characteristics of modified C. edulis and D. hispida starch were not similar to the unmodified starch. The amylose and starch contents in the modified starch was reduced, on the other hand, the phosphate content was increased, whereas the granule size was unchanged.Keywords: Canna edulis Kerr, cross-linking, Dioscorea hispida Dennst, phosphate, starch PENDAHULUANPati alami umumnya mempunyai struktur lemah, gel yang kohesif, suhu gelatinisasi tinggi, kemampuan membentuk gel tinggi pada dispersi pati, kemampuan menahan air rendah pada suhu rendah, ketahanan dipersi pati rendah terhadap asam, agitasi, dan pasta dengan k...

ABSTRAKLactobacillus sp B441 dan II442 merupakan spesies bakteri asam laktat yang diisolasi dari tempoyak yaitu makanan fermentasi dari daging buah durian. Staphylococcus aureus adalah bakteri patogenik yang habitat alaminya pada permukaan kulit manusia dan membran mukosa seperti hidung. Proses fermentasi tempoyak khususnya saat pemisahan daging buah durian dari bijinya beresiko terkontaminasi oleh Staphylococcus aureus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji sifat antagonistik dari Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 yang diisolasi dari tempoyak terhadap Staphylococcus aureus.Identifikasi secara fenotif menggunakan API 50 CHL test kit menunjukkan bahwa isolat bakteri asam laktat tersebut adalah Lactobacullus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Berdasar uji co-culture diketahui bahwa kedua spesies tersebut mempunyai efek bakterisidal terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Pada jam ke 25 Staphylococcus aureus yang ditumbuhkan secara mix-culture dengan Lactobacillus plantarum B441 dan Lactobacillus plantarum II442 asal tempoyak turun 3 -4 log cycle dari populasi awal. Sedangkan populasi Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 secara mono-culture meningkat sekitar 2 log cycle pada jam ke 25. Kata kunci: Lactobacillus sp, tempoyak, antaginistik, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRACTLactobacillus sp B441 and II442 were species of lactic acid bacteria isolated from tempoyak, a kind of food fermented made from durian flesh. Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogenic bacteria that has natural habitat on the surface of human body such as on the skin and in mucous membranes like the nose. Contamination of Staphylococcus aureus was a risk factor in tempoyak fermentation, especially, during taking the durian flesh from seeds. The aim of this research was to observe antagonistic property of Lactobacillus sp B441 and II442 isolated from tempoyak during low temperature fermentation against Staphylococcus aureus. Phenotypic identification using API 50 CHL test kit indicated that isolates were Lactobacullus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442. Based on co-culture analysis show that isolates of Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and II442 have bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 as a indicator of pathogenic bacteria. At 25 th hours, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mix-culture with Lactobacillus plantarum B441 and Lactobacillus plantarum II442 decreased 3 -4 log cycle from initial population. However, population of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 in mono-culture increased 2 log cycles at 25 th hours.

Edible film from ganyong starch without and with modification were incorporated by CMC and lecithin as surfactants. Edible film were characterized with respect to water vapor transmission rate and mechanical properties. Incorporation of CMC 2 % and lecithin 1 % as surfactants decreased water vapor transmission rate. Puncture strength decreased but still fulfill Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) 1975 min 50 gf.  Elongation of edible film increased and not fulfill JIS 1975 min 70 %.ABSTRAKEdible film pati ganyong sebelum dan setelah dimodifikasi ditambahkan surfaktan CMC dan lesitin. Karakteristik edible film yang diamati adalah laju transmisi uap air dan sifat mekanik (kuat tekan dan persen pemanjangan). Penambahan CMC dengan konsentrasi 2 % dan lesitin 1 % menurunkan laju transmisi uap air edible film pati ganyong. Kuat tekan edible film pati ganyong mengalami penurunan, namun masih memenuhi standar JIS 1975 minimal 50gf. Nilai persen pemanjangan edible film pati ganyong meningkat tetapi belum memenuhi standar JIS 1975.

Utilization of potential swamp forages, by-product of the palm oil industry, and cassava is a strategy in the improvement of cattle feed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of cassava leaves, palm oil sludge, and yeast supplementation on a ration based on Kumpai grass (Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees) on the performance of Bali heifers. Twelve Bali heifers were allocated into two groups. First group was fed with control diet consisting of 70% Kumpai grass + 30% concentrate (R0) while second group (R1) was fed a diet consisting of 55% Kumpai grass + 15% concentrate + 15% palm oil sludge (POS) + 15% cassava leaves + 5 g yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)/head/d. The variables measured in this study were intake, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and farmer income. Data were analyzed by independent t-test. The results showed that the supplemented diet had a significant performance by improving the intake of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein. Moreover, it also followed by increasing the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and farmer income. Supplementation of palm oil sludge, cassava leaves, and yeast in the Kumpai grass-based ration significantly increased the performance of Bali heifers. Heifers fed the supplements gave a higher income than those without supplements.

Swamp roughage haylage is produced by anaerobic fermentation of swamp roughage to provide feed for future use. Feeding haylage as a single feed source in ruminant animals cannot meet the requirements for rumen microbes and host animals to develop optimally. Supplementation of probiotic is then needed. This study aimed to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae supplementation in swamp roughage haylage-based rations on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas emission. Measurements were taken on dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), rumen pH, N ammonia (N-NH 3 ) content, total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration, partial VFA concentration, acetate-propionate (C2/C3) ratio, methane gas concentration, and total bacterial count. A completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates was used. Treatments consisted of rations containing 70% haylage + 30% concentrate + 0 g probiotic (control), control + 0.05 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC), control + 0.05% Aspergillus oryzae (AO), and control + 0.025 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) + 0.025 % Aspergillus oryzae (AO). Data were subjected to an analysis of variance and a Duncan multiple range test. Results showed that the probiotics supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased DMD, OMD, rumen pH, TVFA concentration, partial VFA concentration, and total bacterial count but reduced N-NH 3 content, C2/C3 ratio, and methane gas production. It was concluded that combination 0.025 % Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 0.025 % Aspergillus oryzae in swamp roughage haylage-based rations gave the best increase in the ration digestibility, total rumen bacterial count, rumen fermentation characteristics, and reduced methane production.