Few studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) have been conducted in Mongolia. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalent HPV genotypes and their associations with cytology and demographic and behavioral characteristics in Mongolian women with cervical abnormalities. Methods: Exfoliated cell samples of 100 women who had a previous history of cervical abnormality were collected. Cytological interpretation was conducted microscopically and HPV genotyping was performed using the Roche Linear Array test. Study questionnaires were completed. Results: Overall, 25 HPV genotypes were detected in 47% of participants, and the most prevalent were HPV 16, 52, 58, and 33. Cytological examination revealed 12% of participants had atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 8% had low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), 7% had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 14% had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), while 59% of women had a normal cytology. HPV 16 was the most common type among women with a normal cytology and cervical cancer. However, women with cervical abnormalities including LSIL and HSIL were predominantly infected with HPV 52. Moreover, women aged <35 years had a significantly higher risk of HPV infection than those in the other age groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prevalent trend of HPV genotypes observed in this cohort differs from that reported previously in Mongolia. These data may contribute to developing an effective strategy for cervical cancer prevention in Mongolia.

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Objective: Mongolia is a sparsely populated country; however, almost fifty percent of the population lives in the capital city. Medical care services and exceptionally well-organized cervical cancer screening tests are limited in remote areas. To improve cervical cancer screening test coverage, we compared the interest between physicians taking samples and self-sampling among the attendees in this study. Methods: A total of 175 women participated in this study. The hundred twelve women visited the Gynecology ward, and the sixty-three women were provided with the cervical selfsampling test kit and filled out a questionnaire. Subsequently, the acceptability of physician taking and self-sampling were evaluated using a questionnaire. All specimens were processed using the TACAS LBC system, and the quality of samples was tested by cytology. Results: Regarding the acceptability of self-sampling, the selections for subsequent screening were 36% self-sampling and 64% gynecologist-sampling methods. The acceptability rates were higher in the remote areas than the urban areas. However, 64% of the participants lacked knowledge that the causative agent of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus, and 66.9% mainly were sexually transmitted. In addition, 82.3% of the women surveyed were unaware that there was a vaccine to prevent cervical cancer, but 88.6% wanted to be vaccinated. Of most women, 44.4% chose self-sampling due to no embarrassment in the gynecological examination. The self-sampling preferences were dominant in the old age group (61.6%). The cytology satisfaction rate in physician-sampling (99.1%) was higher than in the self-sampling group (69.8%). Conclusion: The Implementation of the self-sampling tool may be considered a primary screening. The self-sampling test can adopt into the early screening program and may increase the coverage of the screening program and improve the quality.