Aims: The main purpose of this study is to assess the different occupational hazards faced by the dental professionals and important precautionary measures undertaken in twin cities of Pakistan. Material and method: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted among the dental professionals in twin cities of Pakistan. The targeted sample size was 150-200 individuals. The survey gathered information regarding age, designation, demographic details and knowledge related to physical, chemical, psychosocial hazards and the preventive measures taken in clinics. Results: Most common hazards faced by dental practitioners are of Musculoskeletal pain and fatigue. However, Personal protective equipment and instrument sterilization were declared as most effective means of infection control Conclusion: Awareness regarding various occupational hazards among the dentists in twin cities of Pakistan is good among specialists compared to house officers and students which requires a need to spread awareness among students and house officers so that they can identify and avoid these problems. Keywords: Occupational hazards, preventive measures, twin cities of Pakistan.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practices of Needlestick Injuries (NSIs) among dental professionals in various dental hospitals of Rawalpindi. Study Design and Setting: It was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in four different dental colleges of Rawalpindi from January 2019 to March 2019. Methodology: By using convenient sampling technique, a total of 252 dental professionals were approached for the data collection through a structured, pretested, self-designed questionnaire. SPSS version 23 was used for data analysis. P-value <= 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 252 participants; 36 (14.3%) were dental assistants, 158 (62.7%) were dentists, 38 (15.1%) were postgraduate trainees (PGTs) and 20 (7.9%) were consultant dentists. The mean age ± SD of participants was 26.9 ± 5.41. There were 92 (36.5%) male and 160 (63.5%) female participants. Mean knowledge score was best for consultant dentists (85.83 ± 15.74) followed by PGTs (80.70 ± 14.71) and dentists (76.58 ± 15.39) whereas it is lower for dental assistants (65.28 ± 11.87), p = 0.002. Practice response has shown that 22 (16%) of the dental assistants have never been vaccinated for Hepatitis B whereas most of the dental assistants have never reported the incident of NSIs to the concerned authorities. Conclusion: NSIs continue to be a serious occupational hazard in the field of Dentistry. This study concluded that despite the mean knowledge score was highest among consultant dentists, the dental assistants and dentists have lower overall knowledge and practice indicates a need to continuing education on safe injection techniques along with the hands-on programme to prevent NSIs in hospitals.

Introduction: Power loom workers are at constant exposure of different pollutants e.g. cotton dust and Particulate Matter emitted from textile industry. These substances have become main causes of respiratory problems among humans throughout the world including Pakistan. A survey-based research was conducted to study the prevalence and pattern of health problems among power loom workers in Mohallah Hajiabad, Faisalabad. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to figure out prevalence and pattern of respiratory Health problems among power loom workers. And also observe current safety measures used by Power Loom workers and to make recommendations on the basis of study results. Methodology: Data was collected from a sample of 150 power loom workers in Mohallah Hajiabad, Faisalabad. A self-structured questionnaire was used to gather information about factors affecting respiratory health of power loom workers. Data was analyzed with the help of statistical software GNU PSPP (Version 0.7). Frequencies were calculated in descriptive analysis and associations were calculated by applying chi-squared test of significance. Results: Out of the 150, 105 power loom workers (70%) were smokers and the rest were non-smokers. Among 150 workers 119 (79.33%) were suffering with respiratory problems and 31(20.67%) had no respiratory issues. There was a significant positive relation between working hours and respiratory problems among workers. The results also show a positive significant association between occurrence of respiratory problems and time span of job. Conclusion: Time span of job and working hours increase the span of exposure to Particulate Matter and significantly increase the risk of respiratory illness. Smoking also proved out to be one of the major causes of respiratory illness among power loom workers. Cleanliness and proper ventilation can decrease the risk of exposure to Particulate Matter, thus decreasing the chance of respiratory health problems. Keywords: Prevalence, pattern, respiratory health problems, power loom workers.