Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of tranexamic acid for seroma prevention in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair under spinal anesthesia. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) Karachi, 1st July 2020 to 30th June 2021. Methods: There were one hundred and ten patients f both genders had abdominal hernia were included in this study. We have taken written consent from all the patients for detailed demographics age, sex and body mass index. Patients were undergone for laparoscopic ventral hernia repair under spinal anesthesia in OPD. The size and contents of the defect were determined by an abdominal and pelvic ultrasound. All patients received postoperative tranexamic acid. Drains were put in to measure the amount of seroma that was produced as a result of the procedure. SPSS 22.0 was used to analyze all of the data. Results: 42.23±6.55 years were the mean age of the patients. Mean Body mass index was 32.13±3.43 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 74 (67.3%) were females and rest of the patients 36 (32.7%) were males. In 91 (82.7%) cases seroma reduction was calculated within week. Only 41 of the 110 patients had drain output of less than 150 ml, 55 had drain output of 150-300 ml, and 14 had drain output greater than 300 ml. Seroma formation was found among 7 (6.4%) cases. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid was found to be efficient in minimizing postoperative seroma formation in ventral hernia repairs, according to the findings of this study. Keywords: Laparoscopic, Tranexamic acid, Plasminogen, Seroma, Obese Patients

Introduction: Power loom workers are at constant exposure of different pollutants e.g. cotton dust and Particulate Matter emitted from textile industry. These substances have become main causes of respiratory problems among humans throughout the world including Pakistan. A survey-based research was conducted to study the prevalence and pattern of health problems among power loom workers in Mohallah Hajiabad, Faisalabad. Objectives: The objectives of the study are to figure out prevalence and pattern of respiratory Health problems among power loom workers. And also observe current safety measures used by Power Loom workers and to make recommendations on the basis of study results. Methodology: Data was collected from a sample of 150 power loom workers in Mohallah Hajiabad, Faisalabad. A self-structured questionnaire was used to gather information about factors affecting respiratory health of power loom workers. Data was analyzed with the help of statistical software GNU PSPP (Version 0.7). Frequencies were calculated in descriptive analysis and associations were calculated by applying chi-squared test of significance. Results: Out of the 150, 105 power loom workers (70%) were smokers and the rest were non-smokers. Among 150 workers 119 (79.33%) were suffering with respiratory problems and 31(20.67%) had no respiratory issues. There was a significant positive relation between working hours and respiratory problems among workers. The results also show a positive significant association between occurrence of respiratory problems and time span of job. Conclusion: Time span of job and working hours increase the span of exposure to Particulate Matter and significantly increase the risk of respiratory illness. Smoking also proved out to be one of the major causes of respiratory illness among power loom workers. Cleanliness and proper ventilation can decrease the risk of exposure to Particulate Matter, thus decreasing the chance of respiratory health problems. Keywords: Prevalence, pattern, respiratory health problems, power loom workers.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to see how coronavirus affects people with cirrhosis, a type of chronic liver disease. Study Design: Retrospective/observational Place and Duration: Conducted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, during from April 2021 to Oct 2021. Methodology: This study included 100 covid-19 individuals of both genders with or without chronic liver disease. There were two groups of patients. Group I (50 patients with cirrhosis) and Group II (without cirrhosis 50 patients). The mortality outcomes of the two groups were compared. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze all of the data. Results: There were 31 (62%) males and 19 (38%) were females with mean age 43.31±=7.61 years in group I while in group II 32 (64%) and 18 (36%) patients were males and females with mean age 46.01±5.23 years. Patients with cirrhosis died at a higher rate than those without it, with a p-value of 0.0001 (34 percent vs. 10%). Conclusion: Patients with cirrhosis who also had coronavirus illness had a higher incidence of poor outcomes. Keywords: Mortality, Corvid-19, Chronic Liver Disease

Evaluation of 15 cases who underwent surgical rotator cuff repair is presented. This study extends from 1995 to 2001. Cases operated by senior author have been included in this study. The follow up ranges from 9 months to 4 years. Evaluation includes study as regard to pain relief, range of motion and strength achieved after surgery. In all cases acromion- plasty was done. Rotator cuff problem is a well-know cause of pain and disability in shoulder especially in old age. Good results after surgical repair of rupture rotator cuff have been well documented. To our best knowledge this is the first study in this country about results of surgical rotator cuff repair.

Objectives: To identify levels of the physical activity and patterns of eating habits among medical students of Islamabad and to determine the association of BMI with physical activity and eating habits among medical students of Islamabad. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional survey was done in a private and public medical college of Islamabad. Methodology: A total of 463 MBBS students of 1st year to 5th year were included and data was collected by non-probability convenience sampling. Before initiating study enrolment an ethical approval for study was gained from the institutional ethical board. After signing the consent form, the questionnaire was filled formally. Data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0. P value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant Results: 236 of our population were normal and 117 of our population were overweight, whereas 59 were underweight and 51 were obese. Lack of time for physical activity in time table was the most common occurring barriers of physical activity. The most common occurring barrier to optimum eating practices were lack of money, tasty fast food and don't like home cooked food. Results showed statistically significant relationship between the hours of exercise per week and the BMI status. The Chi-Square value (P-Value) for physical activity and eating habits in association with BMI were 0.228 and 0.570 were insignificant. Conclusions: Results concluded that bad eating habits and lack of physical activity affects the BMI. Individuals in obese group had increased BMI, lack of physical activity and bad eating habits. Keywords: BMI, PAL, Obesity, Medical