This solar conversion system incorporates a suction fan powered by a solar PV module. Located at the outlet of the chamber is the d.c suction fan utilised to achieve forced air circulation without the use of external power supply like grid electricity, fossil fuel and battery. Simple thermal energy balance equations and heat transfer equations were employed in the design of the system. The operational efficiency of the collector is 83.2% and mass flow rate 1.58kg/min, the maximum temperature achieved in the chamber was 58oC. The system was used to dry vegetable, hydrophylum. The capital cost is less than $150.

Regular perturbation technique is applied to analyze the fluid flow and heat transfer in a pipe containing third-grade fluid with temperature-dependent viscosities and heat generation under slip and no slip conditions. The obtained approximate solutions were used to investigate the effects of slip on the heat transfer characteristics of the laminar flow in a pipe under Reynolds's and Vogel's temperature-dependent viscosities. Also, the effects of parameters such as variable viscosity, non-Newtonian parameter, viscous dissipation, and pressure gradient at various values were established. The results of this work were compared with the numerical results found in literature and good agreements were established. The results can be used to advance the analysis and study of the behavior of third-grade fluid flow and steady state heat transfer processes such as those found in coal slurries, polymer solutions, textiles, ceramics, catalytic reactors, and oil recovery applications.

The study of internal chemical processes involving nitrogenous species forms an important part in the understanding of parameters which lower NOxemission from combustion systems. The focus of this research is to numerically model the prediction of formation of pollutant emission in a continuous internal combustion engine (ICE), from finite rate chemical equilibrium equations. The main source of nitrogen in the chemical formation of NOxis atmospheric, and a very small portion is caused by nitrogen compounds found in some fuels. A mathematical modeling was carried out with these equations using MATLAB simulation to predict the concentration of Nitric Oxide NO; a pollutant, at different flame temperatures and reaction timing of ICE. The temperatures under consideration vary from 1500K to 2300K. The concentration of the pollutant was evaluated by the analytical and numerical methods for a spark ignition engine at a temperature of 2000K; pressure of 1atm, considering a sample containing 78% of Nitrogen and 4% of Oxygen and 78% Nitrogen and 21% Oxygen held between zero to one second in the course of the combustion process, while the computer programme simulated between zero and 100seconds. The concentrations predicted were found to increase as the flame temperature, the combustion time increase as depicted on the results and as the percentage composition of Oxygen in the mixture increases, but reduces with increasing fuel nitrogen content.

Offshore pipeline and flow line systems define a variety of subsea architectures associated with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units (FPSOs) or Floating Storage and Offloading units (FSOs) that are usually employed for oil and gas production in deep and ultra deep waters. The design of such transmission facilities, must satisfactorily account for various phenomena such as hydrodynamic wave loading, fluid transport velocity, operating pressure and temperature of the internal fluid as well as limitations imposed by the seabed subsoil layer geotechnical properties. In fact the transverse and longitudinal dynamic responses of these pipeline and flow line systems are strongly modulated by these effects. In this paper, the effect of transverse and longitudinal vibrations on the dynamic stresses induced by the fluid flow, is studied with special reference to onset of buckling or bursting of such pipes. For this purpose, an offshore pipeline is idealized as a fluid conveying elastic beam on an elastic foundation. In particular, by employing integral transforms, an analytic solution for the induced stresses is computed and simulated for design applications while comparison with corresponding formulae currently in use in the field is also carried out.

The penetration of fuel spray as a result of the mixture of fuel droplet and entrained air usually generate nonlinear models whose solutions are normally difficult to realize analytically. This present study presents general approximate analytical solution to such problem by employing Differential transform Method (DTM). At the level of two-phase flow, the spray droplets and the entrained air have the same flow velocity. In order to fully understand the process, the parameters present in the governing equations are carefully studied. The obtained solution employing DTM is verified with Numerical Runge-Kutta (RKF45) and also compared with similar past works. Furthermore, the acquired results for different ambient densities and injection velocities are depicted and discussed. The results illustrate that continuous increase in the initial velocity and orifice diameter cause a corresponding increase in spray penetration while an antonymous effect is noticed for an increased semi cone angle and density. This work will find vital applications in the optimization of systems whose operation are influence by the aforementioned spray penetration processes.