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Aim of the studyOur study was designed to evaluate the acute effects of malathion on rat liver tissues.Material and methodsThe animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals/each. Group 1 (control group) received corn oil, while groups 2, 3, and 4 were given malathion dissolved in corn oil at a dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. 24 hours after malathion administration, animals were sacrificed and liver tissues were collected. The liver tissues were then analysed biochemically and histopathologically.ResultsButyrylcholinesterase levels in groups 2, 3 and 4 were significantly lower than that of group 1. Total oxidant status and tumour necrosis factor alpha level were significantly increased in group 4 compared to group 1. Catalase activities of groups 3 and 4 were significantly higher than that of group 1. Arylesterase activity was significantly decreased in groups 3 and 4 compared to group 1. In groups 3 and 4, some vacuoles in hepatocytes were revealed and hydropic degeneration was observed in group 4.ConclusionsAcute administrations of malathion results in hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner.

OBJECTIVE:The stroma surrounding the tumor cells is important in tumor progression and treatment resistance, besides the properties of tumor cells. Studies on the tumor stroma characteristics will contribute to the knowledge for new treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 363 breast cancer patients were evaluated for the tumor-stroma ratio. The percentage of stroma was visually assessed on hematoxylin-eosin stained slides. The cases of tumor-stroma ratio more than 50% were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio high, and those less than 50% and below were categorized as tumor-stroma ratio low. RESULTS: Tumor-stroma ratio-high tumors had shorter overall survival (p=0.002). Disease-free survival tended to be shorter in tumor-stroma ratiohigh tumors (p=0.082) compared with tumor-stroma ratio-low tumors. Tumor-stroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter for the total group of patients (p=0.003) and also axillary lymph node metastasis and tumor-stroma ratio was statistically associated (p=0.004). Also, tumorstroma ratio was an independent prognostic parameter in node-positive Luminal A and B subgroups for overall survival (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Tumor-stroma ratio is an independent prognostic parameter that can be evaluated quite easily in all molecular subtypes of all breast cancers and does not require extra cost and time to evaluate.

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Purpose: There is a need to evaluate the treatment response in patients who have undergone radioiodine treatment (RIT) for differentiated thyroid cancer. Our study aimed to show thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW) effects on quality of life and psychological symptoms in female patients with low-risk, well-differentiated papillary thyroid cancer. Methods: We applied the short form-36 (SF-36) and Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R) questionnaires to the patients in the euthyroid state who have referred a median of 9 months (6-13 months) after RIT to perform a diagnostic whole-body scan (dWBS) and to evaluate stimulated Tg. We applied the same questionnaire again when thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was > 30 μIU/mL 4 weeks after THW (hypothyroid state). We evaluated the changes in questionnaire scores using the paired-samples t-test or the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Our study included 52 patients (median age 48 years, range 23-65 years). There was a statistically significant worsening in anxiety, psychosis, additional items, and general symptom index symptoms with the SCL-90-R questionnaire, physical functioning, role limitation due to physical health, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, social function, general health, and health change with the SF-36 questionnaire. Conclusions: THW worsened the patients' psychological symptoms and quality of life. Thyrotropin alfa is an alternative to reduce side effects, but it can be costly and difficult to obtain in developing countries. In order to reduce the side effects of hypothyroidism and avoid the high cost, treatment response assessment can be done only in selected patient groups.