Background: People with metabolic syndrome are twice as likely to die from, and three times as likely to have a heart attack or stroke compared with people without the syndrome. People with metabolic syndrome have a five-fold greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. We investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus. Methods: It was a cross sectional study. The study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet & Diabetic Hospital, Sylhet. The study was conducted From July 2008 to June 2009 among 200 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients with age >20 years. Along with blood glucose, different components of metabolic syndrome was assessed, i.e. serum triglyceride level, serum HDL level, blood pressure and waist circumference. Results- Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 73.5% according to NCEP-ATP III criteria, 81.0% according to modified NCEP-ATP III criteria, 82.5% according to modified WHO criteria and 61.0% according to IDF criteria. All variables other than waist hip ratio and fasting blood sugar had statistically significant higher mean values among patients with metabolic syndrome than patients without metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: It may be concluded that prevalence of metabolic syndrome is considerable in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in our population. The considerable prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our population is implicative of an alarming risk of cardiovascular disease in future. Keywords: Metabolic syndrome; Type II diabetes mellitus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cardio.v4i1.9385 Cardiovasc. J. 2011; 4(1): 17-25

Objective: To evaluate the association of blood and semen lead with male  infertility. Design: It was a case control study carried out in the department of Biochemistry, BSMMU, from January, 2004 to December, 2004.Subjects: Of 52 male subjects, 26 were infertile with oligospermia and / or asthenospermia. Age matched 26 normospermic subjects with normal standard semen parameters (volume, count, motility and morphology) were selected as controls. None had the history of occupational exposure to lead.Results: Median values of blood lead were 19.96 µg/dl and 17.68 µg/dl (normal <25 µg/dl); semen lead were 29.56µg/dl and 28.17 µg/dl (normal 15.37 ± 3.92 µg/dl) in cases and controls respectively. Neither blood lead nor semen lead showed significant difference between cases and controls. There was significant positive correlation between blood lead and semen lead concentrations. There was no significant correlation of semen and blood lead concentrations with other semen parameters & serum hormone concentrations (FSH, LH, & Testosterone) in cases. Conclusion: Though the association of blood or semen lead with male infertility was not established in our study, yet, increased seminal lead concentration found in our study subjects may be indicative of subtle exposure of lead in our environment. So, further study with larger sample size is needed. The clinicians should consider the lead measurements when evaluating male partners of couples with unexplained infertility and for assessment of lead status, semen lead measurement can be recommended.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pulse.v4i1.6955Pulse Vol.4 January 2010 p.10-13

Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem and multifactorial disease that affects both mother and fetus by endothelial dysfunction and intrauterine growth retardation. It is thought that pre-eclampsia is associated with an imbalance of increased lipid peroxides and decreased antioxidants. Dietary deficiency or excess of copper, zinc or other micronutrients play important role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia because nutrients can modulate oxidative stress by increasing or decreasing free radicals or antioxidants and providing substrates for formation of free radicals.This study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College during the period from July 2014 to June 2015 to evaluate the status of serum copper and zinc in pre-eclamptic patients. For this study 85 age-matched women were selected and grouped as 30 pre-eclamptic patients, 27 normal pregnant and 28 nonpregnant women. serum copper and zinc level were measured in all study subjects by AAS. Data were analyzed with the help of SPSS version 17.0. Mean (±SD) level of serum copper and zinc were 1.43±0.49 mg/l and 2.43±2.89 mg/l in pre-eclamptics, while in normal pregnant women the levels were 1.51±0.47 mg/l and 2.87±2.23 mg/l and in non-pregnant women these were 0.85±0.28 mg/l and 3.70±2.61 mg/l respectively. Serum copper significantly increased in pre-eclamptics and normal pregnant women when compared with that of non-pregnant women [F (2, 82) =19.763; p<0.001], but there was no significant difference between pre-eclamptic and normal pregnant group. No significant difference of serum zinc among three groups were observed [F (2, 82) =1.774; p=0.176]. The study showed increased trend of serum copper and decreased trend of serum zinc in pregnancy (both preeclampsia and without pre-eclampsia) compared with non-pregnant women, and both were reduced in pre-eclampsia compared to normal pregnancy. As our study did not show any significant difference in copper and zinc level in pre-eclamptics and normal pregnant women hence it can be concluded that there may not be any significant association of serum copper and zinc level with pre-eclampsia.Bangladesh J Med Biochem 2015; 8(2): 49-54

Cholesterol and LDL-Cholesterol were found significantly higher in AMI compared to those among healthy controls. Among all study subjects, statistically significant positive correlation of 25(OH)D 3 was found with HDL-C (p=0.014). Significant negative correlation was found with serum TC (p=0.001) and LDL-C (p <0.001). Serum TG was found negatively correlated with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol but it was not statitiscaly significant (p=0.068). In our study Vitamin-D deficiency was found to be significantly associated with myocardial infarction, dyslipidemia and hypertension.

hirsutism, acne or male pattern balding) and c) exclusion of hyperprolactinemia, nonclassical adrenal hyperplasia and thyroid disorders 1 . Burghen et al (1980) reported both basal and glucose stimulated hyperinulinemia in women with PCOS 2 . Many investigators found hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenemia are co-existent in PCOS 3 . IntroductionAccording to National Institute of Health (1990) ABSTRACTPolycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) was originally described as a syndrome of amenorrhea, hirsutism and obesity associated with enlarged polycystic ovaries. There is increased androgen level and in some, insulin resistance (IR). Etiological relationship of androgen excess and IR in PCOS is not established. Influence of obesity on PCOS is controversial. This study was designed to see the androgen and insulin status in PCOS among obese and non-obese patients. It was a case-control study. Of total 80 study subjects, 60 primary infertile women suffering from PCOS were cases (30 obese and 30 non-obese). Age and BMI matched 20 healthy women having normal menstrual cycles were controls (10 obese and 10 non-obese). Age range of all were 20-40 years. Fasting plasma glucose, fasting S. Insulin and free Testosterone were measured. Insulin resistance (IR) was assessed by fasting glucose to insulin ratio (<4.5). Subjects with DM or known endocrine disorders that may be associated with abnormal S.Insulin or plasma glucose concentration were excluded. No significant difference of fasting plasma glucose between PCOS (obese or non-obese) and respective controls (P>0.5, in each) were observed. Significant difference of fasting S. Insulin and testosterone were observed between PCOS (both obese and non-obese) and respective controls (P<0.01 in each), but there was no significant difference between obese and non-obese PCOS (P>0.05). There was no significant difference of S.Testosterone between obese and non-obese PCOS(P>0.05). There was also no significant difference of IR between obese and non-obese PCOS, but the ratio was <4.5 (indicating IR in both). There were no significant correlation of S.Insulin with Testosterone in any group of PCOS (obese and non-obese) (P>0.05). Increased S.Insulin and Testosterone was seen in PCOS irrespective of BMI. Further studies with larger sample size is recommended to assess etiological relationship between insulin and testosterone in PCOS.