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Smart homes are a growing market in need of privacy preserving sensors paired with explainable, interpretable and reliable control systems. The recent boom in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has seen an ever-growing persistence to incorporate it in all spheres of human life including the household. This growth in AI has been met with reciprocal concern for the privacy impacts and reluctance to introduce sensors, such as cameras, into homes. This concern has led to research of sensors not traditionally found in households, mainly short range radar. There has been also increasing awareness of AI transparency and explainability. Traditional AI black box models are not trusted, despite boasting high accuracy scores, due to the inability to understand what the decisions were based on. Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic offers a powerful alternative, achieving close to black box levels of performance while remaining completely interpretable. This paper presents a privacy preserving short range radar sensor coupled with an Explainable AI system employing a Big Bang Big Crunch (BB-BC) Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) to classify gestures performed in an indoor environment.

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Ninety German cities exceeded the European threshold on NO2 in 2016, 65 of those cities developed countermeasures and strategies that were published in Green City Plans (GCP). In the scope of this study, 55 publicly available GCPs were evaluated in order to assess their potential for traffic turnaround at a municipal level. All GCPs were analyzed to determine in which of the mentioned five to seven fields of action the respective city had planned measures and which fields of action were prioritized. A more in-depth qualitative analysis of the main topics: Electric mobility, public transport, and mobility concepts was carried out. To get a better understanding of the potential impact of the measures elaborated in the GCPs, complementary information on municipal fleet vehicle stocks, requirements of charging infrastructure for public buses and results of the European roadmap on mobility concepts are given. The evaluation of the GCPs showed that to this day, city administrations mainly optimize the current system by measures of electrification and digitization. Electrification of municipal fleets, car-sharing fleets, and public transport buses is in the focus of the strategies. Instruments to increase non-motorised transport, sustainable commercial transport, and/or mobility concepts are mentioned, but play a minor role. However, there still has been no system change in Germany. Therefore, a substantial turnaround of the transport system (“Verkehrswende”) is necessary. This applies to integrated urban and transport planning, flexible, strong, fast PT, non-motorised and flexible operating systems.