This work emphasizes the heterogeneity of the costs and effectiveness of alcoholism treatment programs and suggests that research should be conducted to determine which program is the most rational, cost-efficient, and beneficial for patients and the public health office economy.

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous challenges to citizens and industries worldwide. The present study contributed to efforts underway toward developing alternatives to combat COVID-19 in the agricultural industry, including the farm and forestry sectors. The study utilized qualitative interviews to assess the perceptions of agricultural stakeholders in the Southeastern United States on the impact of the pandemic to occupational health and safety and the likelihood of implementation of safety guidelines established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Eleven individuals, purposefully selected, were interviewed. The results suggested that despite its challenging aspects, the pandemic offers an array of opportunities to the industry to revamp operations and adjust approaches. The challenges related more to the uncertainties due to the unfolding elements of the pandemic. Transportation, housing, and culture were the top three barriers identified to implementing CDC guidelines. These barriers depend on the size of the companies, the types of operations, and the amount of required labor. Agricultural stakeholders' positive behavior, the availability of incentives, and the use of innovation, including technology, were revealed to be the three main supportive factors relating to the execution of the CDC guidelines. These results could evolve as the pandemic continues to unfold. Therefore, we suggest that continuing assessments be conducted to capture shifting perceptions and attitudes as they change to reflect updated information. Further investigations about the side effects of mask-wearing on heat-related illnesses were also advised to explore in terms of guidelines for agricultural workers. Keywords: COVID-19; agriculture; health; safety; guidelines

Agriculture remains a highly dangerous industry for occupational health and safety. This study sought to understand the perspective of agricultural professionals with respect to the current state of the industry, challenges, and opportunities relevant to occupational health and safety. Additional questions related to the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in the findings as well. Eleven industry professionals were interviewed, and the transcripts were qualitatively analyzed for emergent themes following a constant comparative method. Three themes emerged in our findings: a description of the current state of occupational health and safety in the agricultural industry, barriers to improving occupational health and safety, and enablers of occupational health and safety. Each theme contained subthemes. The description of the industry encompassed regulations, inherent danger, and attitudes and education. Barriers included education, health care access, logistics, discrimination and cultural competency, economic considerations, and the labor contracting system. Enablers included education, regulations, and health care and prevention. These findings are consistent with existing literature, revealing interconnected and overlapping challenges and opportunities. Further research is recommended with a broader sample of participants, especially farmworkers.

This publication aims to answer four questions regarding perceptions of occupational health and safety in the southeastern coastal states. Written by Tracy Irani, Beatrice Fenelon Pierre, and Tyler S. Nesbit, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, October 2021.

Risk identification is the beginning point for risk management planning because solution identification begins with knowledge of the problem. This 4-page document presents questions to consider regarding production risk, price or market risk, financial risk, legal risk, and human risk. Written by Martie Gillen and Beatrice Pierre, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, August 2019.http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy1485