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SummaryTwenty-four of 152 female diabetic patients (15.80%) were found to have significant bacteriuria as compared to a prevalence rate of only 4-6% of 152 matched non-diabetic controls. The difference in prevalence rates is statistically significant. However, if the prevalence rates are analysed according to age, bacteriuria was significantly more common only in diabetic females above the age of 50. Localization of site of infection was performed in all diabetic female subjects with bacteriuria. The kidney was affected in 62 5% of patients. The pathogenetic considerations relating to these results are discussed. There was no difference in prevalence rate of bacteriuria between male diabetics and their controls.

One hundred and twentyseven Asian hypertensive patients between the ages of 12 and 40 were investigated for causes of hypertension. Twelve of these patients had renovascular hypertension. Five of these twelve patients were found to have primary arteritis of the aorta, emphasising the importance of this disorder as a cause of renovascular hypertension in an Asian community. One of these cases presented with concurrent manifestations of rheumatic fever. The pathogenic considerations relating to these cases are discussed together with an evaluation of some immunologic phenomena previously described.Primary arteritis of the aorta has been found to affect almost any segment of the arterial circulation'. Renal artery stenosis with consequent hypertension caused by this disease was first described by Danaraj and Wong2. Since then, very few cases of this syndrome have been reported', 3, 4 9 5. The purpose of this paper is to describe a further five cases and to relate the significance of this form of arteritis as a cause of renovascular hypertension in a predominantly Chinese population. hypertension in the young was started in 1966. One hundred and twenty-seven unselected patients between the ages of 12 and 40 seen over two years in a medical unit in Singapore were diagnosed as having hypertension. A diastolic blood pressure of lOOmni Hg or more on at least two consecutive occasions was taken to indicate hypertension. Patients were investigated with the following procedures :Intravenous pyelography done with abdominal compression after five minutes. Films were taken at 5 , 10 and 20 minutes. Rapid sequence pyelography with films taken at I , 2, 3 and 5 minutes was undertaken in patients in whom routine pyelography showed differences of kidney sizes of more than I . 5 cni. Pyelography was done on all 127 patients.Abdominal aortography performed by catheterising the abdominal aorta via the femoral artery using the technique of SeIdingeF. Aortography was done in 90 patients. The thoracic aorta was visualised in two patients with arteritis, one with a venous angiograni and the other after catheterising the left ventricle.Percutaneous renal biopsy done on all consenting patients in whom radiological procedures had not demonstrated the presence of cysts, hydronephrosis, or a unilateral nonfunctioning kidney. Renal tissue obtained was stained with haeniatoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and the silver tnethenamine stains. Renal tissue was obtained for histology in 57 patients (biopsies were done on 64 patients).Special ininiunological studies done on patients with arteritis were: (a) serum immunoglobulin levels measured by the technique of Sharpless and LoGrippo'. (b) LE cell preparation done by the technique of Zinkhani and Conley". (c) rheumatoid factor detection by a rapid slide agglutination technique using commercial reagents (Hyland). (d) anti-nuclear factor detection by the method of Frious.

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