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BACKGROUNDPrevalence of diabetes mellitus and asymptomatic bacteriuria is increasing drastically in developing countries, particularly in India. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find an association of the asymptomatic bacteriuria and diabetes mellitus type 2.The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in elderly diabetic women. To assess if obstructive uropathy/ diabetic cystopathy has an association with asymptomatic bacteriuria in older diabetic women. To assess if other clinical and laboratory factors such as HbA1C, duration of diabetes, body mass index, etc. have an association with asymptomatic bacteriuria.

BACKGROUNDPrevalence of Granulomatous lymphadenitis in human immune deficiency virus infection is increasing drastically in developing countries, particularly in India. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find an association of Granulomatous lymphadenitis in human immune deficiency virus infection in humans.The aim of this study is to correlate the FNAC finding with clinical, radiological and morphological patterns like correlation with findings and the CD4 count, relation of Mantoux to lymph nodes and relation with x-ray findings. MATERIALS AND METHODSA descriptive study done in 100 adult patients, aimed to study the prevalence of tuberculous lymphadenitis by cytological patterns in lymph nodes of HIV sero-positive patients by collecting and studying material through FNAC and clinical importance by Mantoux and x-ray findings. Patients attending Government General Hospital, ACSR GMC, Nellore who was not on ATT or ART were chosen for the study. RESULTSVarious lesions were observed in this study. Granulomatous lymphadenitis was observed in 74 cases, reactive lymphadenitis was seen in 22 cases and acute suppurative lymphadenitis was seen in 3 cases. One case has shown secondary deposits of squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONFNAC is a relatively inexpensive initial investigative technique important for assessing the cause of lymphadenopathy in HIV patients; allows a rapid diagnosis obviating the need for surgery and enabling swift treatment to be undertaken where necessary. Universal safety precautions must be strictly followed. The method is accurate, cost effective and acceptable to patients. TB is the major opportunistic infection, which could be detected in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals and even in tiny nodes. There was strong association with Mantoux and x-ray for diagnosing Granulomatous lesions. KEYWORDS

BACKGROUND Thyrotoxicosis refers to a clinical condition that results from high thyroid hormone action in tissues generally due to high tissue thyroid hormone levels 1 Hyperthyroidism refers to over activity of the thyroid gland leading to high synthesis and excessive production of thyroid hormones 1. The underlying problem in patients with thyrotoxicosis is acceleration of many physiological processes, and the clinical manifestations reflect that acceleration. We wanted to study the clinical pattern of presentation of patients with thyrotoxicosis, indications for surgery in thyrotoxicosis patients, functional results, and quality of life following the surgical treatment. METHODS This is a prospective study in the surgical department of the ACSR Govt. Medical College and Hospital, from December 2017 to December 2018. Totally thirty patients with varied clinical presentations, confirmed to be suffering from the thyrotoxicosis, and after tests were appropriately evaluated, thyrotoxicosis controlled, consenting patients were operated. Clinical details were entered onto a proforma specification. Data was entered in a Microsoft excel, computers read sheet and analysed by using WHO epidemiological information package. RESULTS Surgical management of hyperthyroidism provides effective endocrinal control if surgery is complete. Patients should be fully informed of all possible postoperative complications that could occur, especially vocal cards. Long-term follow-up is necessary to detect recurrence, which can occur more than 20 years after partial thyroidectomy surgery. Total thyroidectomy is reserved for patients with severe disease or very large goiters in which recurrences will be highly problematic, but has an increased risk of hyperparathyroidism and laryngeal nerve damage. CONCLUSIONS Thyrotoxicosis occurs due to rise in thyroid hormone synthesis, its secretion by the thyroid gland, and its consequences on various systems with altered biochemical levels. This most commonly manifests as Diffuse Toxic Goiter and Toxic Multinodular Goiter. The management of thyrotoxicosis is mainly on three treatment modalities, anti-thyroid medication, radioactive iodine ablation or surgery. Surgery plays an important role in the management of thyrotoxicosis with immediate and cost-effective treatment with minimal morbidity and mortality. Total thyroidectomy is the surgery of choice in Graves' disease, while a total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy are performed in patients with toxic nodular goiters. Although thyroid surgery can be associated with significant complications, in many operative centers, surgery provides effective long-time resolution of hyperthyroidism and hence should be considered an integral part of treatment rather than the last choice for clinicians. Surgery should be considered as an immediate and completely effective solution for thyrotoxicosis, especially when compared with long duration medical therapy, because it can provide an observable improvement in the quality of life (QOL) of the patients.

AIMTo screen diabetic patients for pulmonary tuberculosis and find out the prevalence of tuberculosis in Diabetic patients, and to correlate the smoking habits with reference to prevalence of tuberculosis in diabetic and non-diabetic population. BACKGROUNDPrevalence of diabetes mellitus and pulmonary tuberculosis is increasing drastically in developing countries, particularly in India. In the present study, an attempt has been made to find an association of the pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus type 2.