Saccharum officinarum L. bagasse is waste from sugarcane plants contains lignin, hemicellulose, cellulose and wax compounds. Isolation of cellulose from sugarcane can be done by acid hydrolysis of sugarcane waste and delignification with Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). The objectives of this research were to study the effect of acid type and concentration on the physical and chemical characteristics of cellulose isolated from sugarcane bagasse. The acid variation that used were nitric acid: sulphuric acid; nitric acid; hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid: hydrochloric acid in 1:1; 2:1 and 3:1 in the variation of concentration for each combination. Cellulose characteristics observed were color, shape and powder properties such as Hausner Ratio, Carr’s index, Angle of Repose and functional group analysis of cellulose using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). The cellulose that isolated from sugarcane bagasse with HNO3: H2SO and HNO3: HCl were matched in white powder form with standard cellulose. Cellulose color that obtained with other acids were cream in fiber form. The results showed that the hydrolysis process of cellulose with nitric acid was more effective than sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid. Standard cellulose FTIR spectra showed that delignification process was success and cellulose obtained from sugarcane bagasse. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose samples that isolated with nitric acid: hydrochloric acid (2:1) was the largest in percentage of cellulose (44.143%) and showed in line peaks with standard cellulose. Bulk Densities, Tapped Densities, Hausner Ratio, Carr’s index and Angle of Repose values of sugarcane bagasse cellulose isolated in sequence were 0.05; 0.07; excellent; 26.6; good.

Merunggai Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) is a plant with high nutrition. All its vegetative parts are enriched with nutrition including leaf, bark, flower, fruit (legume), and root. A lot of benefits may be taken from Merunggai Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) such as being material for coagulant, nutrition, vitamin and medicine. Research of Indonesian merunggai has only examined this plant as fencing plant and vegetable, but very few researches about bio-activity of merunggai leaf and its usage as anti-cancer. This research will examine the toxicity of aquades extract (room temperature) and hot aquades (70 0 C) of Merunggai Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) against shrimp larva Artemia salina Leach using BSLT Method. The aquades solvent is beneficial because it is economic and easily afforded, and therefore, it is widely used throughout community. Result of research indicates that aquades extract (room temperature) and hot aquades (70 0 C) of merunggai leaf has toxicity against Artemia salina Leach as shown by LC 50 less than 1000 ppm. Hot aquades extract (70 0 C) has higher toxicity than aquades extract (room temperature) because the sequential results of LC 50 are 163.979 ppm and 265.977 ppm. The substances within hot aquades extract (70 0 C) are alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin and triterpenoid. Based on this result, merunggai leaf has a potential to be used as herbal stock which then can be used as anti-bacterial and anti-cancer materials.Keywords: Merunggai Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lamk.), Artemia salina L., toxicity test, phytochemical test ABSTRAK Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) adalah tanaman yang kaya nutrisi. Kandungan nutrisi tersebar pada seluruh bagian tanaman kelor, mulai dari daun, kulit batang, bunga, buah (polong), sampai akarnya. Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) mempunyai banyak manfaat, misalnya digunakan sebagai koagulan, nutrisi, vitamin, dan sebagai obat. Selama ini kelor di Indonesia hanya digunakan sebagai tanaman pagar dan sayuran dan masih jarang ada penelitian tentang bioaktivitas daun kelor dan pemanfaatannya sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini mempelajari toksisitas ekstrak akuades (suhu kamar) dan akuades panas (70 o C) daun kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) terhadap larva udang Artemia salina Leach dengan menggunakan metode BSLT. Pemilihan pelarut akuades sangat menguntungkan karena ekonomis dan mudah diperoleh, sehingga mudah diaplikasikan oleh masyarakat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak akuades (suhu kamar) dan akuades panas (70 o C) daun kelor memiliki tingkat toksisitas terhadap Artemia salina Leach yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai LC 50 kurang dari 1000 ppm. Ekstrak akuades panas (70 o C) memiliki toksisitas lebih baik dari pada ekstrak akuades (suhu kamar) karena dihasilkan nilai LC 50 berturut-turut 163,979 ppm dan 265,977 ppm. Kandungan golongan senyawa pada ekstrak akuades panas (70 o C) adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin dan triterpenoid. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut bahwa daun kelor mempunyai potensi sebagai tanaman sediaan herbal yang nantinya bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakte...

Nano cellulose was successfully isolated from sugarcane bagasse through sulphuric acid hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse cellulose. Physically, Nano cellulose was transparent and broken white. The crystallinity index of sugarcane bagasse nano cellulose was 80.72%. The particle size of sugarcane bagasse nano cellulose was 225 nm. Delignification process in isolation was successfully showed by releasing peaks in 1239.3 and 1507.7. It show C-O-C vibration of aryl group in lignin and C=C aromatic ring in lignin respectively. Sugarcane bagasse cellulose shows peaks at 1720.2 that represent COOH and hemicellulose carboxylic groups, while the others were not found. The crystallinity index of Nano cellulose was 42.65%. Nano cellulose film prepared in several concentrations (3%, 6%, and 9%). Nano cellulose film also prepared with adding HPMC 2%. Nano cellulose film prepared in 9% concentration was too strict and broken easily. The tensile strength and elongation of Nano cellulose film that prepared in 3% + HPMC 2% and 6% + HPMC 2% were 3.177 Mpa, 10.93% and 3.315 Mpa dan 3.7% respectively.