The present paper focuses on the critical properties of sound and artificial invitations in Farsi according to a collected number of impromptu invitations in Farsi. The outcomes were compared and analyzed with the structure of invitations in English. The findings revealed that, in Farsi, the structure of artificial invitations is more intricate than in English. The qualities, based on which we can judge the reality of the invitations, support that in English artificial invitations exist while these qualities are not ample to be relied on in discriminating artificial invitations from sound invitations in Persian. Invitations that follow the factors for being sound invitations in English can be sorted out as ostensible by Persian speakers. The results of this study suggest that a noticeable number of ostensible invitations are applied by Persian speakers in their everyday activities as a superficial politeness indication (ta'arof).The study points out that the cornerstone in using ostensible invitations in Farsi is promoting face for both the speaker and the listener.
Problem statement: With the advent of globalization Information and Communication Technology (ICT), web-facilitated learning strategy had taken an important role in the learning and teaching process. This study examines how bioethics principles on human dignity and human rights can be learned through web-facilitated learning strategies among tertiary level international relations students. Bioethics was an emerging field that concerns states and inter-state relations. It was about thinking globally about ethics and about our moral judgment about life, the environment and other species. The objective of this study was provided an assessment on how graduate students of international relations use web-based tools to gather information about global bioethics principles. Approach: The research data was collected through feedbacks solicited from some 40 post-graduate students of international relations on (i) self-assessment on the learning acquired regarding the bioethics principles using web resources and (ii) through a set of pre-and post-tests to test the knowledge acquired on the subject matter. Results: The findings reveal that through the use of web-facilitated learning strategy respondents' showed increased comprehension and receptiveness towards bioethics principles on human dignity and human rights. Conclusion: The study concludes that the use of web-facilitated learning strategy can emphasize the importance of bioethics principles in understanding the ethical framework in dealing with human dignity and human rights. The research findings may provide useful information for scholars and researchers developing teaching strategies using bioethics resources.
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