Postnasal drip syndrome and asthma was the most common cause of chronic cough. Asthma-associated findings were found in some of the patients diagnosed with postnasal drip syndrome. It has been observed that there could be more than one particular cause for cough concerning some patients. The gastroesophageal reflux disease was not a common primary cause of chronic cough in children.

Movement and anxiety during echocardiographic study may reduce the reliability and affect the quality of echocardiographic images. Thus, sedation is an essential component when it is performed in infants. This randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of intranasal midazolam (INM) versus oral midazolam (OM) in infants during transthoracic echocardiography. Eighty patients between the ages of 6 mo and 3 y who presented for elective echocardiographic study were divided into 3 groups: the OM group received 0.4 mg/kg of injectable midazolam mixed with an equal volume of cherry juice, the INM group received 0.2 mg/kg as drops,and the control group was given oral cherry juice or intranasal serum physiologic. A blinded clinician assessed and scored the level of sedation and comfort during the procedure for each child, and a score for ease of administration was recorded by the nurse. The intranasal route was more acceptable to infants than the oral route (P<.001). No significant difference in the effects of sedation was observed between the OM group and the INM group (P=.583), but significant differences were observed between the sedated groups and the control group (P<.001). The procedure was significantly more comfortable in groups given OM and INM than in the control group (P<.001). Although no difference in sedation score was seen between the oral and nasal routes, INM was better accepted by infants than OM. Echocardiography was performed more reliably and comfortably in those given midazolam than in those in the control group.

Objective: Continued progress in our understanding of the food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP) will provide the development of diagnostic tests and treatments. We aimed to identify precisely the clinical features and natural course of the disease in a large group of patients. Also, we investigated the predicting risk factors for persistent course since influencing parameters has not yet been established. Methods: Infants who were admitted with rectal bleeding and had a diagnosis of food protein–induced allergic proctocolitis in 5 different allergy or gastroenterology outpatient clinics were enrolled. Clinical features, laboratory tests, and prognosis were evaluated. Risk factors for persistent course were determined by logistic regression analyses. Results: Among the 257 infants, 50.2% (n = 129) were girls and cow's milk (99.2%) was the most common trigger. Twenty-four percent of the patients had multiple food allergies and had more common antibiotic use (41.9% vs 11.8%), atopic dermatitis (21% vs 10.2%), wheezing (11.3% vs 1.5%), colic (33.8% vs 11.2%), and IgE sensitization (50% vs 13.5%) compared to the single-food allergic group (P < 0.001, P = 0.025, P = 0.003, P < 0.001, respectively). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, presence of colic (odds ratio [OR]: 5.128, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.926–13.655, P = 0.001), IgE sensitization (OR: 3.964, 95% CI: 1.424–11.034, P = 0.008), and having allergy to multiple foods (OR: 3.679, 95% CI: 1.278–10.593, P = 0.001] were found to be risk factors for continuing disease after 1 year of age. Conclusion: Although most children achieve tolerance at 1 year of age, IgE sensitization, allergy to multiple foods, and presence of colic were risk factors for persistent course and late tolerance. In this context, these children may require more close and extended follow-up.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile, and multisystem vasculitis of early childhood with a striking predilection for the coronary arteries. The most significant complication is coronary artery abnormalities, including coronary aneurysms. The etiology of KD remains unknown. Many infectious agents including viruses have been postulated as possible causes of KD. But standard microbiologic techniques, molecular methods and serologic investigations have failed to identify an etiologic agent. We described a patient with atypical KD during cytomegalovirus infection.

Table of contentsWORKSHOP 4: Challenging clinical scenarios (CS01–CS06)CS01 Bullous lesions in two children: solitary mastocytomaS. Tolga Yavuz, Ozan Koc, Ali Gungor, Faysal GokCS02 Multi-System Allergy (MSA) of cystic fibrosis: our institutional experienceJessica Hawley, Christopher O’Brien, Matthew Thomas, Malcolm Brodlie, Louise MichaelisCS03 Cold urticaria in pediatric age: an invisible cause for severe reactionsInês Mota, Ângela Gaspar, Susana Piedade, Graça Sampaio, José Geraldo Dias, Miguel Paiva, Mário Morais-AlmeidaCS04 Angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency in a girl: a challenge diagnosisCristina Madureira, Tânia Lopes, Susana Lopes, Filipa Almeida, Alexandra Sequeira, Fernanda Carvalho, José OliveiraCS05 A child with unusual multiple organ allergy disease: what is the primer?Fabienne Gay-CrosierCS06 A case of uncontrolled asthma in a 6-year-old patientIoana-Valentina Nenciu, Andreia Florina Nita, Alexandru Ulmeanu, Dumitru Oraseanu, Carmen ZapucioiuORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 1: Food allergy (OP01–OP06)OP01 Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: oral food challenge outcomes for tolerance evaluation in a Pediatric HospitalAdrianna Machinena, Olga Domínguez Sánchez, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Rosa Jimenez Feijoo, Jaime Lozano Blasco, Mònica Piquer Gibert, Mª Teresa Giner Muñoz, Marcia Dias da Costa, Ana Maria Plaza MartínOP02 Characteristics of infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitisEbru Arik Yilmaz, Özlem Cavkaytar, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozge Soyer, Cansin SackesenOP03 The clinical and immunological outcomes after consumption of baked egg by 1–5 year old egg allergic children: results of a randomised controlled trialMerrynNetting, Adaweyah El-Merhibi, Michael Gold, PatrickQuinn, IrmeliPenttila, Maria MakridesOP04 Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy using low allergenic, hydrolysed eggStavroula Giavi, Antonella Muraro, Roger Lauener, Annick Mercenier, Eugen Bersuch, Isabella M. Montagner, Maria Passioti, Nicolò Celegato, Selina Summermatter, Sophie Nutten, Tristan Bourdeau, Yvonne M. Vissers, Nikolaos G. PapadopoulosOP05 Chemical modification of a peanut extract results in an increased safety profile while maintaining efficacyHanneke van der Kleij, Hans Warmenhoven, Ronald van Ree, Raymond Pieters, Dirk Jan Opstelten, Hans van Schijndel, Joost SmitOP06 Administration of the yellow fever vaccine in egg allergic childrenRoisin Fitzsimons, Victoria Timms, George Du ToitORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 2: Asthma (OP07–OP12)OP07 Previous exacerbation is the most important risk factor for future exacerbations in school-age children with asthmaS. Tolga Yavuz, Guven Kaya, Mustafa Gulec, Mehmet Saldir, Osman Sener, Faysal GokOP08 Comparative study of degree of severity and laboratory changes between asthmatic children using different acupuncture modalitiesNagwa Hassan, Hala Shaaban, Hazem El-Hariri, Ahmed Kamel Inas E. MahfouzOP09 The concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children with different controlled stadiumPapp Gabor, Biro Gabor, Kovacs CsabaOP10 ...