For energy storage devices, high energy density, high power density, cycle stability, and safety are the development goals. Solid‐state lithium metal batteries, with both safety and high performance, have become a hot topic in recent research. Although each component of these batteries has been studied for decades, and their individual performance has been improved markedly, the performance of their combination is still far less than expected. Without the aid of a liquid electrolyte, the ion pathways within and between solid elements are tortuous or even disconnected, making the cathode development in solid‐state lithium metal batteries more challenging than for those in lithium‐ion batteries with liquid electrolytes. This review focuses on the ion pathways in the cathode for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries with different dimensions, covering their types, characteristics, and challenges. The design and modification methods of the ion pathways, including element doping, coating, composite pathways, and new functional structures, are also discussed.
Based on the endpoints measured on four generations of mice, there is no indication that the consumption of radium-226 via drinking water (at activity concentrations up to 8.0 Bq/l) affects health, growth and reproductive fitness.
In this paper, using four carbonates as raw materials, the cathode material LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 was prepared with the “ball milling-calcining” solid-phase synthesis method. The specific reaction process, which consists of the decomposition of the raw materials and the generation of target products, was investigated thoroughly using the TG-DSC technique. XRD, SEM and charge/discharge test methods were utilized to explore the influence of different sintering temperatures on the structure, morphology and electrochemical performance of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode. The results show that 900~1000 °C is the appropriate synthesis temperature range. LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 synthesized at 1000 °C delivers optimal cycling stability at 0.5 C. Meanwhile, its initial discharge specific capacity and coulomb efficiency reached 167.2 mAh g−1 and 97.89%, respectively. In addition, the high-rate performance of the cathode sample prepared at 900 °C is particularly noteworthy. Cycling at 0.5 C, 1 C, 1.5 C and 2 C, the corresponding discharge specific capacity of the sample exhibited 148.1 mAh g−1, 143.1 mAh g−1, 140 mAh g−1 and 138.9 mAh g−1, respectively.
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