This article aims to reconstruct the role played by a giant of American philanthropy-the Ford Foundation (FF) - in Argentina starting from a very critical moment for Inter-American relations during the Cold War: 1959. The research is based on an extensive amount of archive sources, including specific information about the grants given by the foundation to hard science professionals in order to escape the political emergency of the mid-Sixties. This contribution will be divided into three parts (i) a brief introduction to the main goals and strategy of the FF and strategy in Latin America in light of the imperatives of the bipolar conflict (ii) the role played in supporting social sciences and organizing resettlement programs (iii) the several contradictions in the process of welcoming these scholars in the U.S. academies.
This article focuses on two groups of Southern Cone exiles' communities, Chileans and Argentineans, choosing to settle down in an atypical destination: the United States. After estimating some qualitative and quantitative findings, the article delves into the ways these communities settle down, remember their relationship with politics, maintain their connection with exiled fellow‐countrymen worldwide and perceive their national identity. By relying on an empirical, single‐case perspective, with no theoretical ambitions to extrapolate its conclusions to other contexts, this article examines the extent to which the conceptualisation of the exile and diaspora categories changes when applied to these two communities.
1. Las raíces de La «exportación deL American Way of Life»: Henry Ford en Las amazonas (1927)(1928)(1929)(1930)(1931)(1932)(1933)(1934)(1935)(1936)(1937)(1938)(1939)(1940)(1941)(1942)(1943)(1944)(1945) El artículo se propone reflexionar sobre el papel jugado por la Fundación Ford, un gigante de la filantropía estadounidense, en el subcontinente americano. El marco temporal se despliega a lo largo de cuatro décadas: desde el primer contacto establecido por Henry Ford en Brasil (1927), antes del propio nacimiento de la Fundación, hasta la apertura de las primeras sedes oficiales en América Latina ya a principios de los años sesenta. El análisis de la documentación de archivo permite destacar dos núcleos temá-ticos que merecen especial atención. Por un lado, el tipo de interés «modernizador» de la Fundación hacia el espacio latinoamericano, que no consistió en una simple transferencia del know how estadounidense orientada al «desarrollo», sino que llevó aparejado un objetivo más global de exportación del American Way of Life, en sentido cultural, social y político. Por otro, se pone el acento en el contexto general de la Guerra Fría, y en tal sentido las múltiples intersecciones que presentó ese interés modernizador con cuestiones estrictamente políticas, también de acuerdo a los distintos significados.
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