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The efficiency of diets with the inclusion of Spirulina for Siberian sturgeon weaning has been tested. Three isoproteic and isoenergetic diets were formulated with an increasing level of Indian strain Spirulina (SP 40%, SP 50% and SP 60%); the diets were tested against a control diet without microalgae. The results show that Spirulina inclusion improves growth and that an inclusion level of 50% gave the greatest growth rate, a better favourable feed conversion rate and the highest protein efficiency. The fatty acid composition of fillets showed differences between the experimental and control diets: an increase in the Spirulina level induces increases in palmitic and linoleic acids and a decrease in the myristic acid. The control diet was characterized by high levels of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. At the end of the experiment, statistical differences appeared in the fatty acid profile of the sturgeon fillet, mainly concerning high content of monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid in the sturgeon fillets. If the problems related to the high production costs are solved, Spirulina could prove a good partial substitute fish meal.

The aim of this review is to provide an update of Seriola spp. farming in the world, excluding yellowtail (S. quinqueradiata), and to identify strengths and weaknesses of these species as candidates for aquaculture diversification in different areas of the world. Farmed Seriola species other than yellowtail are yellowtail kingfish (S. lalandi) in Japan and Australia, longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana) in the United States, greater amberjack (S. dumerili) in Japan, the Mediterranean and more recently Vietnam, and Pacific yellowtail (S. mazatlana) in North and Central America. Candidate countries for Seriola spp. farming development are China (although there are no published production statistics to date), New Zealand and the Canary Islands. The main bottlenecks for further expansion of Seriola spp. farming appear to be disease impact, lack of genetic improvement programs and incomplete knowledge of nutrient requirements.Extensive experience from Japan, where the success of Seriola spp. farming has been based on an integrated system between producer associations, research institutes and central government, it is clear that the aforementioned technical bottlenecks need to be addressed within a framework of medium-term public policies supporting aquaculture development.Key words: Aquaculture diversification, Amberjack, Carangids, Seriola dumerili, Seriola lalandi, yellowtail Page 2 of 38 URL: http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/brfs Email: sandra.shumway@uconn.edu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 Reviews in Fisheries Science IntroductionDiversification is an urgent need for aquaculture (Teletchea and Fontaine, 2014) and new candidate species must be highly appreciated by consumers so to get high prices on the market. Seriola spp., belonging to the Carangidae family, are one such group of fish with exceptional consumer acceptance. The species within this family with the longest history of commercial farming is yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schegel, 1844) which has been farmed in Japan since the 1960's (Masumoto, 2002). Seriola spp. farming in Japan initially relied on collection of wild juveniles, caught in Spring and grown until they reached market size (2-5 kg) (Masumoto, 2002). lalandi) has the second highest production volume within Seriola species, with an annual production estimated at 4558 tonnes in Japan in 2013 and 3000-4000 tonnes (expected to increase in the near future to ≥5000 t) in South Australia (Miller et al., 2011) (Fig. 1).Yellowtail kingfish is a temperate and subtropical epipelagic species naturally occurring in the Australasian region, Southern Japan and East China Sea. It has a good adaptability to cage culture conditions. Seriola lalandi is currently farmed in Japan (Nakada, 2008; Shiraishi et al., 2010), New Zealand (Kolkovski and Sakakura, 2004, Camara and Symonds, 2014 Symond...

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the actual possibility of fish meal substitution in the diet of farmed seabream by poultry by-product meal (PBM) to verify its sustainability in farming practice. Therefore, inclusion of PBM in seabream diet was investigated by a multidisciplinary analysis to evaluate its possible effects on fish growth performances, fish welfare and fillet quality. Thus, control diet (commercial diet) and two experimental diets Feed A and Feed B contained PBM with 50% and 100% of FM substitution respectively were formulated. All diets were isoproteic 45% and isolipidic 20%. The growth trial lasted 110 days including 2 weeks of fish acclimatization. Juveniles gilthead seabream with an initial average weight of 73,57 ± 10,47 g were allotted randomly in 9 tanks (3 replicates per diet), fed once a day by hand (feeding rate 1%). Sampling was performed monthly. As results, average weight gain increased in all fish groups without any statistically significant difference (P>0.05). Measured zootechnical parameters were similar among fish groups, condition factor as an indicator of fish condition was about 2 (good to excellent condition) and survival rate was 100%. Investigations through hematological parameters, digestive enzymes and liver histology analyses demonstrated that no statistical difference was found among dietary treatments and this clear evidence suggest that PBM inclusion in seabream diets did not affect negatively fish welfare. Protein patterns obtained from fish fed with control diet and PBM diets, showed similar expression of structural proteins such as actin, tropomyosin, MLC1, MLC2, MLC3. Results concerning fish fillet compositions were comparable in all fish groups with some exception for fatty acids composition. Gross energy content of seabream muscle was, also, not affected by PBM and resulted value was about 148 Kcal/100g. The present study, demonstrated that the total substitution of fish meal with poultry by product-meal in the commercial diet of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) is achievable without compromising fish growth performances, fish welfare and fillet quality and suggests that PBM could be considered as a good sustainable raw material for fish food.

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