In part 1 we give two approximations where a linear combination of central beta variables is approximated by a single beta variable. Extensive numerical computations are done to compare these approximations for the case of two central beta variable with parameters (bl, al), (b2, a2) with a special attention for the case bl = bz. They show that these approximations are sufficiently good for most cases. The second part of this paper compare four similar approximations for noncentral beta variables and conclude that three of them are sufficiently good for most practical purposes. 489
ÁgripÍ ritgerðinni er lýst áhrifum óstöðugs efnahagsumhverfis á rekstur fyrirtaekja hér á landi. Höfundur fullyrðir að mikilvaegt sé að fyrirtaekin búi við stöðugt umhverfi, hafi heilbrigða eiginfjáruppbyggingu, hóflegar skuldir, rúma lausafjárstöðu og heilbrigða stjórnun. Sá sem reki fyrirtaeki þurfi að vita hver verðbólgan verði í framtíðinni; hversu hátt gengi krónunnar verði; hvert launastigið verði; hversu mikið fyrirtaekið skuldi; hver eigi fyrirtaekið og hver sé eftirspurn eftir vörum og þjónustu fyrirtaekisins. Í raun hafi stjórnendur fyrirtaekja ekki kunnað svörin við þessum spurningum á síðustu árum og enginn viti hvernig framtíðin verði. Stór hluti fyrirtaekja sé með neikvaett eigið fé vegna gengisfalls krónunnar og bankar séu fyrst og fremst fjárfestingabankar sem gaeti eigin hagsmuna fremur en viðskiptavina sinna. Daemi séu um að bankarnir eigi félög að fullu og hafi rekið sjálfir í á annað ár. Höfundur leggur til aðgerðalista sem felur í sér hallalaus fjárlög 2012; markvissa stefnu um að minnka opinberar skuldir niður fyrir 60% af VLF á fimm árum; að kauphaekkanir verði litlar; gjaldeyrishöft verði afnumin; lokið við samninga við Evrópusambandið og mörkuð stefna um að leggja krónuna af. Abstract The author describes the effect of economic instability on businesses in Iceland. He writes that it is important that firms operate in a stable economic environment, have a healthy capital base, moderate leverage, ample liquidity and a cautious management style. Management must be able to predict future inflation; to predict future exchange rates; to predict wage developments; to be able to assess the current level of leverage; to know who owns the firm; and to predict the demand for its goods and services. The author claims that managers of Icelandic firms have not been able to answer these questions accurately in the past few years and no one can predict the future at this point in time. A large fraction of businesses are insolvent because of the currency depreciation and the country's commercial banks are in fact investment banks which guard their own interests much more than the interest of their customers. The banks own many businesses fully and have operated some of them for almost two years. The author proposes that the government deficit be eliminated by 2012; that public debt be lowered to 60% of GDP in five years time; that wage increases should be moderate; capital controls abolished; a membership treaty be negotiated with the EU; and a plan be made to abolish the krona. JEL flokkun: M21 Lykilhugtök: Endurskipulagning skulda, Efnahagsumhverfi fyrirtaekja
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