Citation for published item:ollD hF qF nd yngD fF rF @PHHQA 9gritilEstte prmeters for n unsturted residul sndy lyF9D q¡ eotehniqueFD SQ @IAF ppF WQEIHQF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFITVHGgeotFSQFIFWQFQUPSS Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Toll (1990). Ceci suggère que la forme de ces fonctions peut être commune á toute une gamme de types de sols. INTRODUCTIONThe critical-state concept has been well established as a useful framework within which saturated soil behaviour can be interpreted (Schofield & Wroth, 1968). The critical state is the state achieved by a soil when it exhibits no changes in stress or volume when it is sheared; this is typically achieved at large strains. A soil that is looser (sometimes referred to as wetter) than the critical state will contract in volume under shear to achieve the critical state, or if volume change is prevented (an undrained condition) then increases in pore water pressure will be generated so that the effective stress state moves towards the critical state. A soil that is denser (or drier) than the critical state will dilate, or if volume change is prevented then a decrease in pore water pressure will be generated.The behaviour of saturated soils is controlled by effective stresses, and for the saturated case water content and volume are interrelated. Therefore the saturated critical state can be expressed through the deviator stress, q, the mean effective stress, p9, and the specific volume, v. At the critical state these variables are related through three critical-state parameters, M,ˆand º:

Citation for published item:ollD hF qF nd yngD fF rF @PHHQA 9gritilEstte prmeters for n unsturted residul sndy lyF9D q¡ eotehniqueFD SQ @IAF ppF WQEIHQF Further information on publisher's website: httpXGGdxFdoiForgGIHFITVHGgeotFSQFIFWQFQUPSS Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. Toll (1990). Ceci suggère que la forme de ces fonctions peut être commune á toute une gamme de types de sols. INTRODUCTIONThe critical-state concept has been well established as a useful framework within which saturated soil behaviour can be interpreted (Schofield & Wroth, 1968). The critical state is the state achieved by a soil when it exhibits no changes in stress or volume when it is sheared; this is typically achieved at large strains. A soil that is looser (sometimes referred to as wetter) than the critical state will contract in volume under shear to achieve the critical state, or if volume change is prevented (an undrained condition) then increases in pore water pressure will be generated so that the effective stress state moves towards the critical state. A soil that is denser (or drier) than the critical state will dilate, or if volume change is prevented then a decrease in pore water pressure will be generated.The behaviour of saturated soils is controlled by effective stresses, and for the saturated case water content and volume are interrelated. Therefore the saturated critical state can be expressed through the deviator stress, q, the mean effective stress, p9, and the specific volume, v. At the critical state these variables are related through three critical-state parameters, M,ˆand º:

A new test structure layout technique and design methodology are used to investigate quantitatively how geometrical layout parameters such as core diameter, conductor spacing, and width would affect the performance of spiral inductors. For the 0.18-m RFCMOS technology, experimental results in this paper reveal that inductors' core diameters must be adequately large, more than 100 m, to ensure high quality factor characteristics and their conductor spacing should be minimal to obtain larger per unit area inductance value. A novel design methodology which optimizes the conductor width of inductors allows alignment of their peak quality factor to the circuit's operating frequency, enhancing the gain, input/output matching characteristics and noise figure of a giga-hertz amplifier.

A modified model for RF interconnect bends on lossy substrate in CMOS technology is presented. The model parameters are extracted directly from the on‐wafer S‐parameter measurements. The accuracy is verified up to 20 GHz by the measurements of the test structures. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 45: 170–173, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20760

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