This study was carried out seasonally in order to determine the environmental variables affecting the ciliate species and their distribution in Gulfs of Erdek and Bandırma by using three stations in each gulf between 2006 and 2008. A total of 14 ciliates taxa were identified, three of them were the genus level. Epiplocyloides sp., Proplectella ovata, Laboea strobila and Tiarina fusus species identified are the new records for the Sea of Marmara. The maximum number of species belonged to the Choreotrichida ordo with 11 taxa. The Choreotrichida ordo showed the highest diversity in summer season. The ecological data used in this study were obtained from the previous study concurrently conducted in the same region. According to the Spearman's rank-correlation, it was determined that the salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and NO3+NO2-N levels affected the distribution of the ciliates and the salinity was increased and species abundance was decreased based on the rise in depth. The highest similarity between the stations was observed in stations 2 and 3 in the Gulf of Bandırma at a depth of 0.5 m (96.5%) and all the depths of the stations were found to be 23.6% similar.

Cladocerans are important member of pelagic ecosystem and they serve as good sources of food for fish and fish larvae during the warm periods. The aim of this study was to determine species composition of marine cladocerans and their temporal and spatial distribution in the surface waters of coastal and offshore waters of Iskenderun Bay. The study was conducted at the four stations in Iskenderun Bay between November 2005 and August 2006. The samples were collected horizontally with WP-2 net (200 mesh size). Six species of cladocerans (Penilia avirostris, Evadne spinifera, Pseudoevadne tergestina, Evadne nordmanni, Pleopis polyphamoides and Podon intermedius) were found. Among these, Evadne nordmanni was observed for the first time in Iskenderun Bay. With regard to annual abundance of cladoceran species, Evadne spinifera was the most abundant and followed by P. avirostris and P. tergestina. While the maximum abundance of cladoceran was observed in May-06, the minimum abundance was in November-05. It can be concluded that results of this study could provide a significant contribution to the future studies on cladoceran diversity in the region.

Amaç: Tetikleyici neden farklı olsa da ölümcül dalış kazalarının büyük bir bölümü boğulma ile sonuçlanmaktadır. Boğulmanın gerçekleştiği derinliği bilmek, kaza nedenlerinin aydınlatılmasına önemli katkıda bulunabilir. Bu deneysel çalışmada, ölümcül dalış kazalarında, boğulma derinliğinin tespitinde planktonik organizmaların kullanılıp kullanılamayacağı amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bunun için Marmara Denizi’nde yüzeyden ve 30 metre derinlikten alınan su örneklerindeki planktonik organizmalar incelenmiştir. Ayrıca Wistar Albino türü 8 bireyden oluşan iki gruptan ilkinde bulunan sıçanların yüzeyden alınan su örneği içinde ve 1 ATA basınç altında, diğer grupta bulunan sıçanların ise 30 metre derinlikten alınmış su örneği içinde ve bir basınç odası içinde 4 ATA basınç altında boğulmaları sağlanmış ve boğulan sıçanların akciğerlerinde planktonik organizmalar araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılan incelemelerde, yüzeyden alınan örnekte 22 fitoplanktonik ve 5 zooplanktonik takson, 30 metre derinlikten alınan örnekte ise 7 fitoplanktonik takson tespit edilmiştir. Sıçanların boğulma sonrası yapılan otopsilerde akciğerlerinde planktonik organizmaya rastlanmamış, 4 ATA basınç altında boğulan gruptaki sıçanların akciğerlerinin daha şişkin ve kanamalı olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Akciğerlerde planktonik organizmaya rastlanmaması, sıçanların çok az miktarda sıvı aspire etmesinden ve örnekteki plankton yoğunluğunun düşüklüğünden kaynaklanmış olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Sonuç: Dalış bölgelerindeki planktonik organizmaların, belirli derinliklere yaptıkları mevsimsel ve günlük göçlerinin (diurnal göç) belirlenmesi, ölümle sonuçlanan dalış kazalarında boğulma derinliğinin tespitine yardımcı olabilir. Ancak bu deneysel çalışmada boğulan sıçanların akciğerlerinde planktonik organizma tespit edilememiştir.

No abstract

The study was carried out to estimate the temperature, light intensity, salinity, Dissolved O 2 (DO), pH values and the biotic parameter chlorophyll-a in the water column related with the depth. Because, the physico-chemical parameters affect greatly both primary and secondary producers in marine life. For this purpose the physico-chemical properties were determined day and night for 40 meter depth during the eight days. The means were compared by using the analysis of variance method and Duncan's Multiple Comparison Test. Also physico-chemical parameters were estimated by using the analysis of regression and correlation. The effect of temperature and salinity were found significant according to the result of the analysis of variance during the day. Also the similar results were found for the night. While the effect of the depth on the chloropyll-a a was significant in the night, the effect of the depth on the DO was not significant in the day and night. The correlations among the depth and the parameters were defined. It was found the negative correlation between the depth and the temperature and light intensity. Determination coefficient of the model for salinity was also found different for day time.The correlation values among the depth and the temperature, salinity and pH were found different for the night.