Thus, the ALU247 and ALU247/ALU115-qPCR biomarkers may be important in detecting and monitoring CRC patients in both early and late stages.

Predators and parasitoids locate herbivore-infested plants via detection of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that are released in response to pest damage. Synthetic HIPVs have been proposed as tools to enhance the biological control of crop pests. The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a key herbivore pest of sugarcane, Saccharum spp. (Poaceae), in the Americas. To manage D. saccharalis in Brazil, more than 3 million ha of sugarcane have been treated with the larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). In this study, the role of sugarcane HIPVs as cues in the hostfinding process of C. flavipes was investigated using a combination of dynamic headspace collection, chemical analysis, and laboratory behavior experiments. Comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) collected from D. saccharalis-damaged and healthy sugarcane revealed very similar profiles, apart from significantly higher levels of the sesquiterpene (E)-caryophyllene released from damaged plants. Naive female C. flavipes spent significantly more time in the olfactometer arm containing VOCs from D. saccharalis-damaged plants but showed no preference for VOCs from healthy plants. When (E)-caryophyllene was added to VOCs from healthy plants, parasitoids spent more time in the arm containing the combined treatment. Furthermore, in a dose-response experiment with synthetic (E)-caryophyllene, naive parasitoids preferred the compound across a dose range of 3-300 ng, and experienced parasitoidspreexposed to (E)-caryophylleneresponded to doses of (E)-caryophyllene as low as 0.03 ng. These results suggest that C. flavipes can use (E)-caryophyllene as a cue to locate D. saccharalis-infested sugarcane plants. Moreover, experienced females appear to respond to lower doses than naive females. These results potentially pave the way for increasing the efficiency of C. flavipes in biological control of D. saccharalis, the most important pest of sugarcane and maize crops in the Western Hemisphere, and also a major pest of rice and sorghum crops.

This study evaluated the anti-allergenic properties of the aqueous extract of the stem bark from