Pigments are classified as organic or inorganic based on their chemical composition. 1,2 Typically, organic pigments comprise compounds of carbon elements that participate in covalent bonding, while inorganic pigments consist primarily of ground minerals such as metals, metallic salts (except barium salts of dyes) and metalloid salts, which do not contain carbon bonds. 3 Although some organic pigments may contain inorganic elements as stabilisers, organic pigments are defined primarily based on their congugated carbon bonds (except carbon black). 2 To improve the chemical, thermal, freeze-thaw and dispersion stability of organic pigments upon application, these classes of pigments have been the subject of extensive research over the years due to their obvious advantages. [4][5][6] Typically, the colour strength and optical properties of coated/printed substrates depend largely on the quality of the pigmented ink/paste and the nature of the substrate. The quality of the pigmented ink/paste then rests on the quality of the dispersion system (ie, the degree of the dispersion and its stability). 5,7 Dispersion stability is very important from the point of view of surface coatings and printing systems, especially for encapsulated inks that

Organic pollutants (OPs) have garnered a considerable amount of attention in recent times due to their extreme toxicity toward humans and the ecosystem. The need for an inexpensive yet robust, sensitive, selective, and easy-to-operate method for detecting OPs remains a challenge. Herein, a portable electrochemical sensor is proposed based on manganese porphyrin-functionalized carbon cloth (CC). To explain the electrochemical performance of the sensor, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed. The presence of manganese(III) ion in the center of the porphyrin ligand acted as an agent for the transfer of electrons and enhanced sensitivity toward analytespecific redox catalysis. Moreover, it allowed for the concurrent detection of multiple analytes in a complex environment. The modified CC electrode can selectively detect nitroaromatic and phenolic compounds with accessible data collected through wireless means onto a smartphone device. The as-synthesized electrode demonstrated a higher sensitivity toward the detection of nitrobenzene (NB) and aqueous phenol with a limit of detection (LOD) found to be 5.9268 × 10 −10 M and 4.0178 × 10 −10 M, respectively. Additionally, our proposed portable electrochemical sensor demonstrates a high selectivity and reproducibility toward nitroaromatic and phenolic compounds, which can be employed in real complex water samples. With regard to the sensor's remarkable electrochemical performance, it is envisaged that such a sensor could pave the way for environmental point of care (POC) testing.

Novel treatments of pigments with inorganic materials have tremendous industrial and commercial prospects. Specific treatment of pigment has a marked effect on its behavior during application. The treatment allows a broad modification of the surface characteristics of pigment particles which leads to improved functionalities. Surface modification of pigments is achieved via coating, polymerization with modifying reagent, treatment with derivatives or polymers, which alter either the optical, conductivity or dispersibility during processing and application. These and many other distinguishing factors that affect the characteristics of pigments such as the class, crystal structure, particle morphology, particle size, hiding power, pigment volume concentration, surface character, and surface treatment have been reviewed. Various organic pigments such as those from fungus and bacteria, and the various families of pigment types such as metallic pigment, light interference, and diffractive pigments which presents decorative quality such as leafing, nonleafing, pearlscent, and Fabry‐Perot effects on substrates have also been reviewed in addition to those from inorganic sources with emphasis on the structure and physiochemical modifications using metal and nonmetal Ions.

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Polymer-encapsulated phthalocyanine green aluminum pigment was prepared via inorganic acid radical/ radical polymerization route, and its properties were investigated by FT-IR, TGA, XPS, SEM, and TEM. SEM and TEM images showed that the aluminum pigment was encapsulated by a thin film of polymer which ensured good anti-corrosive performance in alkaline (pH 12) and acidic (pH 1) mediums. XPS results showed significant chemical shifts, and increase in binding energies to higher levels after raw aluminum pigment was phosphate coated and colored by phthalocyanine green pigment. TGA results suggest a marginal reduction in its thermal stability. Major absorbance peaks, such as aluminum phosphate (AlPO 4 ), different monomer units and CH 2 stretching vibration of phthalocyanine green G were highlighted in the FTIR spectra of the colored aluminum matrix. The polymer-encapsulated aluminum pigment (PAP) had excellent UPF properties regardless of the coating thickness, but the handle of the fabric was affected when the coating thickness increased beyond 0.04 mm. The prepared pigment showed excellent rubbing and washing fastness, but its handle and color strength were compromised when the content of monomer ratio by 100 % weight of PGAP increased beyond 10 %, was applied on cotton fabrics. This research provides a simple but effective route for the preparation of polymer-encapsulated aluminum pigments for waterborne textile applications.