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Objective Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has been successful in the assessment of marginal donor lungs, including donation after cardiac death (DCD) donor lungs. EVLP also represents a unique platform for targeted drug delivery. We sought to determine if ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) would be decreased after transplantation of DCD donor lungs subjected to prolonged cold preservation and treated with an adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) agonist during EVLP. Methods Porcine DCD donor lungs were preserved at 4°C for 12 hours and underwent EVLP for 4 hours. Left lungs were then transplanted and reperfused for 4 hours. Three groups (n=4/group) were randomized according to treatment with the A2AR agonist ATL-1223 or the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) vehicle: DMSO (infusion of DMSO during EVLP and reperfusion), ATL-E (infusion of ATL-1223 during EVLP and DMSO during reperfusion), and ATL-E/R (infusion of ATL-1223 during EVLP and reperfusion). Final PaO2/FiO2 ratios were determined from samples obtained from the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins. Results Final PaO2/FiO2 ratios in the ATL-E/R group (430.1 ± 26.4 mmHg) were similar to final PaO2/FiO2 ratios in the ATL-E group (413.6 ± 18.8 mmHg), but both treated groups had significantly higher final PaO2/FiO2 ratios compared to the DMSO group (84.8 ± 17.7 mmHg). Low PO2 gradients during EVLP did not preclude superior postoperative oxygenation capacity. Conclusions Following prolonged cold preservation, treatment of DCD donor lungs with an A2AR agonist during EVLP enabled PaO2/FiO2 ratios above 400 mmHg after transplantation in a preclinical porcine model. Pulmonary function during EVLP was not predictive of outcomes after transplantation.

Eye movements are used to study a variety of cognitive phenomena, including attention, perception, memory, language, reading, decision making, and many others, as well as cognitive impairments and individual differences in cognition. These studies assume, with little evidence, that eye movements are stable across time and trials. Eye movement stability must be better characterized to understand the full theoretical and clinical implications of individual differences in eye movement behavior. The present study examined eye movement reliability in normal individuals during reading. Thirty-nine participants completed 2 sessions of a reading task separated by 1 month. Means and standard deviations of fixation duration, saccade amplitude, first fixation duration, gaze duration, total time, go-past time, skipping, refixation and regression probabilities were compared both between sessions and across trials within sessions. All correlations were highly significant, indicating that eye movement behaviors are stable within individuals across several weeks and highly stable across trials within each individual. The different components of the ex-Gaussian distribution of fixation durations were also highly stable over time. Differences in sensitivity to lexical variables (frequency, predictability, length) were also compared, and were also observed to be highly stable across time. Eye movements in reading are therefore suitable for studying cognition and its neural underpinnings, as well as cognitive development and longitudinal change. Theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record

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