Cet article étudie la façon dont Adam Smith répond à Mandeville dans sa Théorie des Sentiments Moraux sur le rôle de la vanité et de l’orgueil dans la dynamique économique et sociale des sociétés commerciales. Nous montrons pourquoi la vanité prend le pas sur l’orgueil dans son analyse et comment il offre une vision plus positive de ces deux passions. Nous analysons en particulier les conséquences économiques et sociales de l’orgueil et de la vanité, et décrivons les fondements psychologiques de l’estime de soi excessive que ces passions incarnent. Classification JEL : B12, B30.
International audienceAdam Smith's discourse on wage labour is both original for its time and complex. While Smith indisputably considered the substitution of serfdom by wage labour as an improvement in both opulence and independence, we argue that he nevertheless saw the wage relationship as one founded on subordination. We then cast light on the material factors and symbolic mechanisms which, in his writings, explain how and why the worker agrees to this subordination. Finally, we endeavour to show that Smith's praise for the system of natural liberty as well as his repeated criticisms of merchants and capital owners aimed to transcend this issue
Cet article a pour objet de mettre en évidence la dimension morale du marché dans l’œuvre d’Adam Smith. La première partie réinterprète le prix naturel comme un prix juste. La deuxième partie montre que la concurrence libre est pour Smith un cadre institutionnel incitant les agents économiques à cultiver les vertus de prudence, d’équité, de probité, de frugalité et d’industrie. La dernière partie vise à justifier la proposition par Smith d’un taux d’usure légèrement supérieur au taux courant le plus bas du marché par sa philosophie morale et ses analyses du désir de reconnaissance, de l’estime de soi excessive et du mensonge à soi-même. La conclusion souligne le lien étroit entre politique, éthique et économie chez Smith, tel qu’il ressort de cette analyse.
Adam Smith has usually been seen as an economist who had a positive view of economic inequalities and who was more concerned with diminishing absolute poverty rather than inequalities. Recently though, Rasmussen (2016; ‘Adam smith on what is wrong with economic inequality, American Political Science Review, vol. 110, no. 2, 342–52’) argued that Smith worried about the effects of extreme inequalities on the morality and happiness of commercial societies. While we do not deny Smith’s worries on this front and provide new evidence here, the aim of this paper was to show that Smith cared more about the causes of inequalities than their level per se, or independently of the former. Interestingly, Smith seems to reconcile fairness with economic efficiency in his plea for the system of natural liberty in which inequalities arise from the efforts, talents and risk-taking of individuals and ultimately benefit the least well-off. Moreover, and contrary to what Rasmussen claims, Smith addresses several contemporary issues such as the links between inequalities, economic growth, social mobility and politics.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.