No abstract

Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is a competitive sport and competition results include multiple components such as difficulty (D) and execution (E) scores. Both coaches and researchers should consider the components of performance scores separately. The aim of the current study was to identify the most indicative apparatus score on total ranking in the individual all-around finals of 37th RG World Championships (WCh), 2019, Baku, Azerbaijan and to determine the most important D and/or E scores on overall ranking. Total of 312 scores of 24 gymnasts competed at individual all-around finals were analyzed. Correlations among total qualification, total D, total E, and total apparatus scores of each apparatus were determined by Pearson correlation analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used and model-fitting performance was assessed by coefficient of determination (R2). When correlations among total qualification score and total D, total E scores of each apparatus were analyzed moderate and strong relationships were found (p < 0.001). The percentages that D and E scores explained the total score ranged between 79.3 and 44%. Total ball D score explained 79.3% of the variability in standings and it was the best predictor score. Total ribbon E score was found to be the second effective score on ranking (71%). Finally, total hoop E score had the least effect by 44%. Apart from these, two different total score estimation models that trainers/gymnasts may use practically were enhanced during this study.

Vision is a warning that directs muscles of the body to respond and gives information about where and when to move. Visual reaction time amongst athletes is mainly concerned with how fast an athlete reacts to a visual stimulus. However, little information is available on reaction time (RT), hand-eye coordination among athletes from different sport branches. In many sports branches; RT and hand-eye coordination is regarded as a prerequisite for success. For this reason, the aim of the current study was to investigate RT differences for eye-hand coordination of athletes from different sports and sedentary people. Study involved 48 athletes, aged 18-25 from different branches [basketball (n=6), arm wrestling (n=4), boxing (n=6), football (n=13), handball (n=4), rugby (n=8), volleyball (n=7)] and 9 sedentary people. Hand-eye coordination tests were conducted by using reaction development and training system FitLight Trainer™ (Fitlight Sports Corp., Canada). Test protocol consisted of 10 series of simple motor reaction task to visual stimuli; each of the 10 series included 22 reactions. Variables not fitting normal distribution were compared by Kruskal Wallis H test. Mean reaction time (MRT) was found to be different among branches (p=0.009). RT for 10 different trials were found to be different for 3 rd (p=0.038), 4 th (p=0.047), 5 th (p=0.022), 6 th (p=0.044), 7 th (p=0.041), 8 th (p=0.011), 9 th (p=0.019), 10 th (p=0.023) trials. According to results, it can be said that visual reaction times of field players are very specific and insufficient to distinguish. During trainings, it may be advisable to have reaction time development exercises with specific technical/tactical skills related to branches and positions.

It is predicted that athletes can achieve high efficiency levels when training contents are applied within the scope of annual plans prepared on a scientific basis. Annual plans consist of preparation, competition and interim periods. Topics such as determining target competition where the peak performance will be revealed during competition period are examined under periodization title of training science. This study was carried out to determine the variables of the competition seasons of American and European athletes in jumping events and to identify the similarities and differences between the variables. The study group consisted of elite American and European athletes, who had ranked in the top 100 in the world charts of the 2018 season. The differences between athletes were determined by Mann Whitney U-Test. In terms of the number of competition season days, number of days between competitions and final performance value of season, statistically significant differences were found between the athletes in favor of the American male long jumpers and male triple jumpers (p < 0.05). Significant differences were determined between the European and American high jumpers in terms of number of days between competitions in both genders (p < 0.05). In the pole vault event, the total number of competitions participated by both male and female European athletes were higher than total number of competitions participated by American athletes (p < 0.05). As a result, it was thought that the differences determined between the groups such as the number of days between competitions may be due to the differences in the perception of periodization and different coaching educations embraced by continents.

Çalışmanın amacı, ritmik cimnastik (RC) branşında küçükler kategorilerinde (KK) ve yıldızlar kategorilerinde (YK) yarışan sporcuların demografik değişkenlerinin, top aleti ile gerçekleştirdikleri çift chainé ve yakalama rotasyonlu dinamik elementinin kinematik değişkenlerinin kategorilere göre karşılaştırılmasıdır. Ayrıca, demografik ve kinematik değişkenlerin birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin belirlenmesidir.