An analysis of variations in body movement difficulty of 2016 Olympic Games rhythmic gymnast candidates

An analysis of movements with or without back bend of the trunk or large hip extension in 1stJuniors’ Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship-2019. Is there injury risk for gymnasts?

“…In the present study, it has been observed that the rate of use of balance difficulties varies according to the apparatus. The results of this present study are not similar to the findings of the other studies (Agopyan, 2014;Agopyan & Ors, 2019) which stated that back scale leg high up was the most commonly used jump difficulty in the senior category in 2012-London Olympic Games and 2015-World Championship.…”

“…It does not require a lot of effort and compared to other movements with the same difficulty value, it is easier to execute which might be the reasons for being preferred more than the others (Agopyan, 2014). Our results were also similar to the findings of Agopyan (2014), Leandro et al (2017), and Agopyan and Ors (2019) who reported penché rotation as the most commonly performed element by top-level of senior rhythmic gymnasts.…”

“…Although the gymnasts have different difficulty jump/leap percentages for each apparatus (rope 27.4%; ball 28.4%, clubs 28.6% and ribbon 32.6%) they tended to initially perform turning split leap (jeté en tournant) in their all 4 compositions. The results of this study are similar to the findings of the studies stated that jeté with a turn jump was the most commonly used jump difficulty in the 2010 World Championship (Trifunov & Dobrijević, 2013), in the 2012 Olympic Games (Agopyan, 2014), in the 2015 World Championship (Agopyan & Ors, 2019) and in the 2013-2014 Portugal World Cup (Batista et al, 2019b) by the toplevel senior gymnasts. These types of jumps with rotation provide a greater variety of movements and thus contribute to the originality of the routine (Batista et al, 2019b).…”

“…The inclusion of complex abilities in compositions is essential to get a high score in the competition. Therefore, the fact that movements of this nature have a much higher difficulty value may also increase its implementation (Agopyan, 2014;Agopyan & Ors, 2019). Especially in the last four years (2017-2020 years), it may be thought that athletes have been loaded much more in the columna vertebralis region due to new rule changes mentioned above (Fédération International De Gymnastique-FIG, 2017).…”

Effect of Physical Conditioning on Student Basic Skills Gymnastics

“…Performance in artistic gymnastics is primarily based on a perfect compromise between the stage of physical fitness and the complicated technical capacities required on each device, thus, an immoderate level of ordinary fitness overall performance is decisive for creative men (Agopyan & Örs, 2019). Physical activity intervention programmes have been found to effectively improve cardiorespiratory fitness, strength, and balance (Sumaryanti, Tomoliyus, & Ndayisenga, 2019).…”