The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Terminology 3. Composition of Phosphate Fertilizers 4. Phosphate Rock 5. Economic Aspects 5.1. Phosphate Rock 5.2. Phosphate Fertilizer Consumption 5.3. Phosphate Fertilizer Production 6. Phosphorus Uptake by Plants 7. Chemical Equilibria in Fertilizer Production 8. Superphosphates 8.1. Single Superphosphate 8.1.1. Chemistry 8.1.2. Production 8.1.3. Fluorine Recovery 8.1.4. Granulation 8.2. Triple Superphosphate 8.3. Double Superphosphate 8.4. PK Fertilizers 9. Ammonium Phosphates 9.1. Fertilizer Grades and Applications 9.2. Production 9.2.1. Ammonium Phosphate Powder 9.2.2. Granular Ammonium Phosphates 9.2.3. Off‐Gas Treatment 10. Compound Fertilizers by the Sulfur Route 10.1. Granulation of Mixtures of Dry Materials 10.2. Granulation of Dry Materials with Additives Producing Chemical Reactions 10.3. Slurry Granulation 10.4. Melt Granulation 11. Compound Fertilizers by the Nitro Route 11.1. Chemistry 11.2. Product Specification 11.3. Nitrophosphate Process with Calcium Nitrate Crystallization (Hydro) 11.4. Nitro Process with Calcium Nitrate Crystallization (BASF) 11.5. Nitro Process with Ion Exchange (Kemira Superfos) 11.6. Nitro Process with Sulfate Recycle (DSM) 11.7. Effluent Control of Nitrophosphate Process 12. Other Straight Phosphate Fertilizers 12.1. Phosphate Rock for Direct Application 12.2. Partially Acidulated Phosphate Rock 12.3. Basic and BOF Slag Fertilizers 12.4. PK Mixed Fertilizers with Basic Slag 13. Energy Consumption 14. Effluents from Phosphate Fertilizer Production 15. Heavy Metals in Phosphate Fertilizers 16. Safety in Storage, Handling, and Transport 17. Acknowledgement

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