The case of a 22-year-old man with synovial chondromatosis (SC) of the shoulder joint is described. A literature review confirmed that SC of the glenohumeral joint is very rare and that the etiology of the disease is still unknown. The diagnosis is often delayed, and the preferred form of management remains controversial. We consider magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) a valuable tool in detecting SC at an early phase and estimating the intrasynovial extent of the disease. Shoulder arthroscopy today represents an elegant treatment option for removing the chondromas and performing a partial synovectomy. It might, however, be insufficent in cases of involvement of the bicipital tendon sheath and other recesses of the joint.

There is a significant correlation between right ventricular haemodynamic parameters and concentrations of brain natriuretic peptide in the plasma of children with right ventricular overload due to different types of congenital cardiac disease. The monitoring of brain natriuretic peptide may provide a non-invasive and safe quantitative follow up of the right ventricular pressure and volume overload in these patients.

Cardiopulmonary bypass procedure in children induces profound changes in the surfactant system involving both phospholipid and protein components; biophysical function may have been maintained by compensatory increase in SP-B and SP-C.