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Change management research has largely ignored the effects of organizational change management history in shaping employee attitudes and behavior. This article develops and tests a model of the effects of poor change management history (PCMH) on employee attitudes (trust, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, change cynicism, and openness to change) and actual turnover. We found that PCMH, through PCMH beliefs, led to lower trust, job satisfaction and openness to change, and higher cynicism and turnover intentions. Also, PCMH beliefs predicted employee turnover over 2 years.

We use an atomic force microscope operating in a dynamic modus, commonly called tapping mode, to completely oxidise through thin 5 nm titanium films using the very local electric field between the tip and the sample. Tapping mode local oxidation minimizes tip degradation and therefore enhances resolution and reliability. By working under a controllable environment and measuring the resistance in situ while oxidising we are able to fabricate well-defined isolating Ti–TiOx–Ti barriers as small as 15 nm. Their conductance shows an exponential dependence on the oxide width, thereby identifying tunneling as the dominant conduction mechanism. From the nonlinear current-voltage characteristic a tunneling barrier height of 178 meV is derived.

We define superconducting constrictions by ploughing a deposited Aluminum film with a scanning probe microscope. The microscope tip is modified by electron beam deposition to form a nano-plough of diamond-like hardness what allows the definition of highly transparent Josephson junctions. Additionally a dc-SQUID is fabricated in order to verify the junctions behaviour. The devices are easily integrated in mesoscopic devices as local radiation sources and can be used as tunable on-chip millimeter wave sources.