This study’s main objectives are to analyze the literature related to the factors influencing halal products' purchase intention and identify the literature gap for future study recommendations. The researchers evaluate the numerous assessed studies conducted in different countries. Halal products' major determinants in purchase intention are attitude, subjective norm, perceived behaviour control religiosity, halal awareness, and halal certification. Researchers have not examined factors such as price, exposure, place, halal supply chain, and advertising in their studies. Common theories used in previous literature are the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). One of the gaps for further research on halal products' purchase intention is the lack of research in the halal pharmaceutical, halal fashion, halal tourism, halal supply chain, and halal finance fields. In the future, the researcher may apply other theories that can be used to study purchase intention, such as theory consumption value or theory diffusion of innovation.

Kullu Halal (all Halal) is a concept that is highly applied in the Middle Eastern andNorth African (MENA) region as the majority of the population is Muslim. Manyproducts from non-Muslim countries are also exported to the MENA countries andsome of them are exposed to animal-based ingredients. Halal certification studies in theMENA region are found to be quite minimal to non-existent. The paper is designatedto analyze the effects of Halal certification towards the purchase intention of Muslimconsumers on food products from Muslim majority countries in the MENA countries.Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was used as a platform to predict the consumers’intention to purchase the Halal certified products. A self-administered questionnairewas selected as a method and the respondents are the Muslim consumers living incertain areas of Klang Valley, Malaysia. Five hundred questionnaires were distributed,and 417 questionnaires were considered usable. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)was used as a method in this research. Attitude, Subjective Norm, and PerceivedBehavioral Control showed a strong correlation with Purchase Intention and the resultswere statistically significant at p < 0.05. Algeria was found to be the least trustworthycountry by the respondents, followed by Iran, Lebanon, Iraq, and Bahrain. The resultsindicate that the presence of Halal certification is important and will be profitable for thefood industry players in the MENA region. Despite being Muslim majority countries,it is important to ensure the presence of Halal certification in the products from MENAcountries, especially from those that received low scores in the country of origin study.

The concept of Halalan Toyyiban is very important in Muslims’ lives in their servitude to Allah. The business itself is broken down into many different kinds, one of those which has become nowadays the trend is Multi-Level Marketing (MLM). MLM business is a business model that involves selling and recruitment of new distributors inside the company. Multi-Level Marketing is seen to be good as it helps many people to achieve their dreams, but ,on the contrary, it is observed as a medium of cheating. With its players reaching 2 million in Malaysia since its establishment in the early 1990s, MLM’s presence in the business industry should not be taken lightly. This research attempts to analyse the current MLM system and its factors that can be categorized as Halalan Toyyiban, as well as the factors which lead to the destruction. This factor includes the system itself, manufacturing, the distribution channels, the after-sales service, and the long-run vision of the company. By doing this, it is aimed that the doubtful (Syubhah) or even the impermissible (Haram) practice of MLM can be eliminated and abstained by the Muslim players, and it is expected that better MLM companies can be established, using proper S.O.P and guidelines. The purposes of the research are gained through a qualitative approach from the library and interviews. Keywords: Multi-Level Marketing, Halalan Toyyiban, Halal Industry, Syubhah, Haram practice, Opportunity, Ethic

This article is qualitative-descriptive analytical research on multiple intelligences, a theory which Howard Gardner introduced. According to Howard Gardner's findings, the concept of multiple intelligences has been widely known and used in educational institutions. Multiple intelligences are also considered a theory that first recognized the diversity of human intelligence. With multiple intelligences, it can be said that no child is stupid. Therefore, each child is born with intelligence that is not always equal to each other. In Islam, the Quran is a complete guide for life. This research has discovered the powerful instruments to develop Qur'anic multiple intelligences in educational institutions through literature. With the thematic interpretation method (maudhui) approach, this study described the practical efforts, using the mindset of interpretation and reflection, to develop the concept of multiple intelligences based on the perspective of the Quran. After researching, collecting, and analyzing all terms in the Quran that relate to intelligence, it is found that the Quran is distinguishing the concept of multiple intelligences. It can be used further as a practical guide for educational institutions in developing the concept of multiple intelligences from the perspective of the Quran

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