The Sacred Mountain Youth Project was conducted to investigate risk and protective factors related to alcohol and drug use among American Indian youth. Findings indicated that stressful life events were positively associated with depressed mood, substance use, and risky behavior; cultural identity had no direct effects, but a secondary model showed that social support and protective family and peer influences were related to cultural identity. These findings suggest that the relationships between stressors and their negative sequelae are complex. Emphasis on protective processes that are culturally specific to American Indian youth may lead to effective alcohol and drug use prevention programs.

Risk andProtective Factors Project found the prevalence of DSM-IV disorders was 35.7% for women to nearly 50% for men (Beals et al., 2005). The most common disorder for women was post-traumatic stress disorder and for men, alcohol abuse and dependence. Significant levels of comorbidity were found among those with depressive and/or anxiety and substance use disorders (Beals et al., 2005).To fully understand the behavioral health disparities experienced by AI/AN, it is critical to examine the context in which they occur. High prevalence of behavioral disorders in AI/AN communities is believed to be linked to a number of historical and environmental factors, such as historical trauma and contemporary discrimination, as well as current-day unemployment, academic failure, high-risk occupations,

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Oelke, Nelly D. et al 2016 Supporting the mental health needs of adults 50 and over: The importance of integrated community support services. International Journal of Integrated Care, 16(6) Introduction: Mental health challenges are increasing for older adults. Over 20% of seniors in Canada report having a mental illness; while many individuals have higher rates of chronic disease, which include mental health challenges as presenting primary conditions and comorbidities (e.g. depression). Seniors and individuals with chronic physical disease are identified as being vulnerable for mental health issues. Unfortunately mental health in this age group is often not addressed and can significantly impact the costs for individuals, caregivers and the health system. A focus on early detection, prevention, and the promotion of mental well-being is essential. Promoting mental health and well-being can increase protective factors, decrease risk factors, and address social determinants of health.Addressing health concerns, including mental health in rural communities is significantly more challenging. Rural communities face challenges shaped by unique social and environmental factors. These include an aging population, lower socio-economic status, lower education levels, decreased access to health care services and geographic isolation, especially in the winter months.A research study was conducted in three rural/semi-rural communities in southern British Columbia, Canada focusing on mental health in older adults. The aims of this project were three-fold: 1) to identify the needs of adults 50 and over experiencing a mental health concern; 2) to identify current services and supports available and gaps in services and supports; and 3) to identify opportunities for integrated services and supports for these individuals, their caregivers and community-based organizations.Methods: Six consultation sessions were conducted across the three communities. In each community, one session was completed with community members with a mental health concern and another with community organization representatives. Informed consent was received from all participants. Sessions were audio-recorded and field notes were taken. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.Oelke; Supporting the mental health needs of adults 50 and over: The importance of integrated community support services.Results: Six interrelated themes were identified: lack of resources; access issues; poverty; stigma; purpose and meaning in life; and factors influencing mental health. Lack of resources included funding, human resources, and services and supports. Specifically identified was the lack of collaboration and communication between health care professionals, paraprofessionals, and community supports. Access issues commonly acknowledged by participants were long wait lists, availability of services and supports, cost of private services, transportation, difficulties in completing paperwork for services, and eligibility criteria for services (e.g., needing to...

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