Trypanosomosis in sheep is a hemoparasitic disease of worldwide interest due to its effects on the health of animals and the economic impact on producers, is caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma sp. In the present study, the occurrence of Trypanosoma sp. in sheep from the urban-rural area of the canton Salitre was determined, through an applied study with a qualitative descriptive prospective cross-sectional approach, carried out between October 1, 2019, and February 19, 2020. Blood samples were extracted from the jugular vein and analyzed by the blood smear method using the Giemsa and Diff-Quick staining techniques. Previously, in a first study realized between 2018 and 2019, 2 cases (2%) of Trypanosoma sp., 1 case of Babesia sp. (1%), and 4 cases of Anaplasma marginale (4%) were identified, but without the presence of symptoms of the disease. However, in this new research study, of 170 animals sampled from 5 herds and aged between 3 and 8 years, 34 (20%) were positive for Trypanosoma sp., 6 for Babesia sp. (3.52%) and 6 for A. marginale (3.52%) with coinfection between them. In this research, deteriorated clinical aspects and low hematological values were also determined in positive animals; besides of the total of positive cases, 25 presented symptoms of hemoparasitic disease, 3 sheep had abortions and 8 died. The results of this study showed that Trypanosoma sp. could already become an endemic parasitosis in sheep in the country, representing a serious problem of animal health.

Patient: Male, 52-year-old Final Diagnosis: SARS-COV2 pneumonia associated to multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Symptoms: Dyspnea • chest pain • swelling • fever • general malaise • headache • myalgia • polyarthralgia Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: General and Internal Medicine Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Multi-resistant microorganisms are a public health problem. Their incidence has risen due to COVID-19, indiscriminate antibiotics use, corticosteroid treatments, and higher admissions to intensive care units (ICUs) of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. These are risk factors for bacterial over-infection. The present case study that is relevant because of the multiple isolated strains with a resistance pattern: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC), extended-spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) in a patient without comorbidities. Case Report: A 53-year-old Ecuadorian man with no past medical history arrived at the Emergency Department (ED) with dyspnea, nasopharyngeal swab with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test for SARS-CoV2, and a chest computed tomography (CT) scan showing bilateral ground-glass pulmonary infiltrates with 40% involvement. On day 10 in the ICU, the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC strain was reported in an axillary swab culture. Consequently, the antibiotic was rotated to vancomycin 1 g intravenously (i.v.) every 12 h and meropenem 1 g i.v. every 8 h. On day 15 in the ICU, a tracheal secretion culture was reported with the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL and a blood culture with Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic is a perfect scenario for superinfection with multi-resistant pathogens such as carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), due to the increase in patients admitted to ICUs requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, the use of corticosteroids, and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic management based on guidelines. The emergence of combined multidrug-resistant strains is a challenge for laboratory detection and the selection of antimicrobial treatment.

La Hymenolepidiosis es una zoonosis de prevalencia mundial, sobre todo en niños, es causada por cestodos de roedores denominados Hymenolepis (H) nana e Hymenolepis diminuta, es muy frecuente en países en vías de desarrollo, con climas cálidos, templados y secos. El ciclo biológico de la H. nana no requiere de hospederos intermediarios, y su transmisión habitual es fecal-oral (por ingesta de huevos infectivos); y la infección de H. diminuta se da a través de la ingestión de artrópodos tenebriónidos con la forma larvaria cisticercoides. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la presencia de H. nana e H. diminuta en la ciudadela Las Piñas, de la ciudad de Milagro (Ecuador) y dar a conocer a través de charlas informativas el riesgo en salud pública; para esta investigación se capturaron roedores con ayuda de trampas Tomahawk y Sherman en complementariedad con cebos no tóxicos (carne, mortadela, pescado, pan). Mediante un estudio aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, de tipo descriptivo-prospectivo-transversal, realizado entre el 1 de febrero al 30 de julio del 2018, se analizaron las muestras fecales por métodos directos y de flotación-centrifugación con solución salina sobresaturada.  De 87 roedores capturados y procesados,  20 casos (22.99 %) se determinó para  Hymenolepis nana y  10 casos (11.49 %) para H. diminuta. Constituyéndose en el primer reporte de Hymenolepis nana y diminuta en roedores en el país. Se concluye que es evidente la presencia de estos parásitos en el sitio de estudio, lo que podría convertirse en un serio problema de salud pública, por el riesgo de transmitirse a los habitantes del sector.

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