Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels in patients with mild and severe epilepsy with those in a healthy control group. Methods: Children aged 4–17 years, diagnosed with epilepsy for at least three years and with no progressive neurological disease, metabolic disease or infection, were selected for the study. The severe epilepsy group consisted of 28 children with at least one episode a week despite receiving three or more antiepileptic drugs. The mild epilepsy group consisted of 29 children with no seizures in the previous year, receiving only one antiepileptic drug, while 27 healthy children were selected as the control group. HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1R1, TNF‐α and IL‐1β levels were investigated in these three groups. The MRI findings and clinical characteristics of the patients in the epilepsy group were also compared with these markers. Results: HMGB‐1, TLR4, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β levels in the severe epilepsy group were higher than in the control group and the mild epilepsy group (p<0.05), and were higher in the mild epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05). IL‐1R1 was also higher in the severe epilepsy group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this first report to identity a possible correlation between HMGB‐1, TLR4, IL‐1β, IL‐1R1, and TNF‐α levels and severity of epilepsy, our data demonstrates that the serum level of these cytokines is higher in cases of drug‐refractory epilepsy.

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GİRİŞ ve AMAÇ: Elektroensefalografi (EEG), epileptik nöbetlerin tanısında pediatrik nörologlar için vazgeçilmez bir tanısal araçtır. Günümüzde Pediatrik Nöroloji Bölümündeki hasta sayısındaki artışın sadece epilepsi nedeni ile değil nonepileptik olaylarla da, artan sayıdaki çekimlerle EEG laboratuvarlarına da yansıdığını görmekteyiz.

A BSTRACT Introduction: Fluid intake was reported to reduce migraine attacks. This may be due to its effect on hemoconcentration. Hemoconcentration may manifest itself by increasing in the hemoglobin and platelet-related values. This study aimed to reveal hemoconcentration by evaluating complete blood cell counts in attack-free periods of pediatric patients with migraine. Materials and Methods: Consecutive children with migraine ( n = 70) and tension-type headache (TTH) ( n = 65) were compared with the control groups. Control 1 ( n = 70) and control 2 ( n = 60) groups consisted of age- and gender-matched patients, respectively. Control 2 group patients had gastrointestinal symptoms leading to fluid loss, which may have caused hemoconcentration. To evaluate hemoglobin and platelets together, the M1-value was created by multiplying hemoglobin level by plateletcrit. Results: The M1-value was higher in the migraine group than in control 1 and TTH groups ( P = 0.017 and 0.034) and the hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were also higher in the migraine group than in control 2 group ( P = 0.013 and 0.012). Female patients with migraine had higher hemoglobin levels as compared to the female patients in control group 1 ( P = 0.041). Male patients with migraine had higher M1-values than the male patients in control group 1 ( P = 0.034). In the subgroup of migraine with aura ( n = 10), folic acid was significantly lower than the other patients with migraine ( P = 0.02). Conclusion: This study suggests that migraine may be accompanied with hemoconcentration in children.

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