In the present study, we aimed to determine the survival and reproducibility of the said pathogenic microorganisms during the storage period (24 h) of raw meatball samples contaminated with reference strains of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis at levels of 10 4 and 10 6 cfu/g. Brucella abortus (NCTC 11363) and Brucella melitensis (NCTC 10094) strains were incubated in sterile full-cream milk with 12 % fat at 37°C for 48 hours under a 6% CO 2 aerobic atmosphere. Subsequent to the incubation, culture counts were performed on Brucella Agar Base using tryptose soy broth. As a result during our analysis at the 12th hour of the storage, it was noted that while pH remained 5.2, aw 0.96 and moisture %52.16, population of B. abortus in-group A2 rose from 10 4 cfu/gr to 10 5 cfu/gr (P<0.05). At hour 24, pH was found 5.1, aw 0.92 and moisture % 49.07 whereas population of B. abortus decreased to 10 5 cfu/gr in-group A1 and to 10 4 cfu/gr in-group A2 (P<0.05). In-group B1, there was no change in the number of B. melitensis. It was also observed at hour 24 population of B. melitensis in-group B2 increased to 10 5 cfu/gr (P<0.05).

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of 10 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from local food sources of animal origin against 4 Enterobacter cloacae isolates obtained from clinical cases and determine their adhesion potentials to intestinal epithelial cells. In this study, all Enterobacter cloacae isolates (P3, P4, P5, P7) identified with the BD Phoenix automation system were detected to form biofilm with both Congo red agar and Microtiter plate methods. Amoxicillinclavulanate, cefuroxime, and ampicillin resistance was determined in all isolates. It was determined that LAB strains producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) were able to colonize intestinal epithelial cells. It is noteworthy that LAB extracts were effective to inhibit the biofilm formation of P3Ec, which had higher antibiotic resistance than those of other isolates. Antimicrobial effect of LAB extracts on Enterobacter cloacae were also detected by both agar disc diffusion and well diffusion tests. In this study, all of the isolated LAB strains (especially L. lactis, L. fermentum, and L. casei) are good candidates for controlling Enterobacter cloacae biofilm formation. These findings indicate that L. lactis, L. fermentum, and L. casei can potentially be developed as novel antibiofilm agents.

The purpose of the study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from bovine subclinical mastitis, determine their antibiotic susceptibilities and investigate the coagulase gene polymorphism by using a PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Milk samples from 463 CMT positive udders from 237 cows cultured. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates were determined by disc diffusion method. A total of 82 out of the 83 isolates (98.8%) were found to be resistant at least one out of the 16 antibiotics studied. In this experiment 53 isolates (63.8%) were found to be resistant to penicillin; 52 (62.67%) to trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole; 51 (61.5%) to ampicillin; 40 (48.2%) to erytromycin; 29 (34.9%) to tetracycline; 18 (21.6%) to ciprofloxacin, 16 (19.3%) to clindamycin, 13 (15.6%) to chloramphenicol; 8 (9.6%) to gentamicin; 5 (6.0%) to cefoxitin; 4 (4.9%) to vancomycin; 3 (3.6%) to cephalotin; 2 (2.4%) nafcillin; one (1.2%) to oxacillin and one to (1.2%) furazolidon. No imipenem resistance was seen in the S. aureus isolates. The coagulase gen polymorphism were examined by PCR amplification of coagulase gene followed by AluI digestion of repeating 81 bp DNA sequences. After nested PCR, double bands were produced in 8 of the isolates while there were single band in remaining 75 isolates. Following AluI digestion, isolates that formed single band in length of approximately 300 bp showed 3 different groups. Keywords: Bovine subclinical mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus, Antibiotic susceptibility, Coagulase gene polymorphism Subklinik Mastitli İneklerden İzole Edilen Staphylococcus aureus İzolatlarinin Antibiyotik Duyarlılık Profillerinin Çıkarılması ve Koagulaz Geni Polimorfizmine Göre Tiplendirilmesi ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı subklinik mastitisli sığırlardan Staphylococcus aureus'u izole etmek, bunların antibiyotiklere duyarlılığını belirlemek ve bir PCR tabanlı restriksiyon fragment lengh polimorfizmi (RFLP) yöntemi kullanarak koagulaz gen polimorfizmi araştırmaktır. 463 sığırdan CMT pozitif olan 237 sığır memesinden süt örnekleri alınarak ekim yapılmıştır. İzolatların antimikrobiyal duyarlılığı disk difüzyon yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. Toplam 83 izolatın 82'si (%98.8) uygulanan 16 antibiyotikten en az bir antibiyotiğe dirençli bulundu. Bu çalışmada 53 izolat (%63.8) penisiline, 52 izolat (%62.67 trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, 51 izolat (%61.5) ampisiline, 40 izolat (%48.2) eritromisine, 29 izolat (%35.0) tetrasikline, 18 izolat (%21.7) siprofloksasine, 16 izolat (%19.3) klindamisine, 13 izolat (%15.6) kloramfenikole, 8 izolat (%9.6) gentamisine, 5 izolat (%6.0) sefoksitine, 4 izolat (%4.9) vankomisine, 3 izolat (%3.6) sefalotine, 2 izolat (%2.4) nafsiline ve 1'er (%1.2) izolat ise oksasilin ve furazolidona dirençli bulundu. S. aureus izolatlarında imipenem dirençliliği görülmedi. Koagulaz gen polimorfizmi koagulaz genin tekrarlanan 81 bp DNA dizisinin AluI sindirimini müteakiben koagulaz genin amplifikasyonu ile incelenmiştir. Nested PCR'den sonra izolatların 8'inde çift bant görülm...

There are new emerging cattle mastitis agents that have become a major burden economically on the dairy industry because of their negatively affects on production and quality in dairy cattle farming in Turkey,. To overcome this emerged problem, antimicrobials are adopted in this sector to prevent and administrate mastitis and other bacterial infections affecting cattle in the country. Nevertheless, the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasing in both animal and human contaminants. The occurrence and features of AMR of the emerging cattle mastitis agents in dairy cattle in Turkey, have been manifested. As a result, the goal of this research was to assess secluded emerging cattle mastitis agents in Turkey and to appraise the antimicrobial susceptibility of these pathogens. Sixty one milk samples from cattle wwith mastitis were collected between 2014 and 2018 for assessment of clinical mastitis in diagnostic and analysis laboratory of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University. Twenty five microorganism species arised as cattle mastitis agents were assessed in these milk samples. The outcomes of the present study identified the necessity for advancements in antimicrobial stewardship as well as infection administration plans in Turkish farms to decrease the occurence of AMR. VITEK Compact® 2 systemmethod showed that Streptococcus uberis had the maximum AMR while Globicatella sulfidifaciens had the minimum AMR. The study depicts that the number of cattle mastitis is directly proportional to the size of the herd.

The presence of Campylobacter spp. obtained from clinically healthy 50 sheep, goats and cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouses in Afyonkarahisar and Kutahya provinces and 44 aborted ovine fetuses obtained from the same region was investigated in this study. The subtypes were isolated by culture methods and identified by API Campy (Biomerieux, France) test kits. Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 7 samples (15.91%) out of 44 aborted ovine fetuses. After identification of Campylobacter spp., it was determined that 5 samples (71.43%) out of 7 were C. fetus subsp. fetus (71.43%) and 2 samples were C. jejuni (28.57%). Out of the 50 liver samples, Campylobacter spp. was isolated from 3 ovine livers (6%) and 1 goat liver (2%). Three of the isolates were identified as C. jejuni (75%) and 1 isolate as C. coli (25%). Campylobacter spp. was not isolated from cattle livers. Resistance rates for ciprofloxacin and tetracycline were 45.5% and 27.3% for erythromycin and 9.1% for ampicillin. No resistance was determined against gentamycin, chloramphenicol and streptomycin. The rate of susceptibility to antibiotics used was 72.7% for ampicillin, 54.5% for erythromycin, 90.9% for gentamycin, 100% for chloramphenicol, 72.7% for streptomycin and 27.3 % for ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.