This study introduces a family of unique Al–Mn–Cr–Zr-based aluminium alloys illustrated by two ternary and one quaternary variants. The choice of alloy compositions has created a system resistant to solidification cracking while retaining high amount of solutes in solid solution in as-printed condition. Good relative density (~ 99.5%) has been demonstrated along with microstructural study supported by X-ray diffraction to display solidification structure with nanometric precipitate formation in small amounts in as-printed condition. High levels of Mn and Cr produce significant solid solution strengthening reaching hardness of up to 102 HV in as-printed condition. Additionally, the combination of Mn, Cr and Zr is shown to be important to control precipitation strengthening upon direct ageing and coarsening resistance due to slow diffusivity. To elucidate the concept of precipitation strengthening, one set of alloys was aged at 678 K between 0 and 10 h and microhardness results showed that average hardness response reached 130 HV for the quarternary alloy. Graphical abstract

SynopsisThe processes of sorption and diffusion of water in anisotropic glass ribbon-reinforced composite films of controlled structural and physical characteristics were investigated in terms of the film properties, e.g., geometry, orientation, and volume fraction of the filler; molding characteristics of the composite film; and the adhesion between the glass ribbon and continuous cellulose acetate matrix. While the diffusion of water through unfilled cellulose acetate film was found to be a simple activated process with very little concentration dependence, the diffusion behavior of glass ribbon-reinforced cellulose acetate was found to be anomalous and concentration dependent.

The influence of nanostructuring on the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of GaN is investigated. GaN nanopillar arrays are fabricated by inductively-coupled-plasma dry etching of a GaN epitaxial layer, using a self-assembled Ni cluster mask. Pillars of 0.4-1.6 μm in height were prepared and were investigated photoelectrochemically. After nanoroughening, the surface area increases up to 6 times and the plateau photocurrent increases by 84% with respect to planar GaN. The pillar structure provides abundant depletion area and therefore enhances the photocarrier separation. Surface recombination becomes more important after the dry etching process, as confirmed by the PEC and photoluminescence measurements.

This study shows a rapid and systematic approach towards identifying full density and peak hardness for an Al-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy commonly known as Scalmalloy®. The alloy is tailored for the laser powder bed fusion process and has been shown to be printable with >99.8% relative density. The microstructure suggests Al grain refinement in melt pool boundaries, associated with formation of primary Al3(Sc,Zr) particles during solidification. Peak hardening response was identified by heat treatment tests at 573,598 and 623 K between 0 and 10 h. A peak hardness of 172 HV0.3 at 598 K for 4 h was identified. The mechanical properties were also tested with yield and ultimate strengths of 287 MPa and 364 MPa in as-printed and 468 MPa and 517 MPa in peak hardened conditions, respectively, which is consistent with the literature. Such an approach is considered apt when qualifying new materials in industrial laser powder bed fusion systems. The second part of the study discusses the thermal stability of such alloys post-peak-hardening. One set of samples was peak hardened at the conditions identified before and underwent secondary ageing at three different temperatures of 423,473 and 523 K between 0 and 120 h to understand thermal stability and benchmark against conventional Al alloys. The secondary heat treatments performed at lower temperatures revealed lower deterioration of hardness over ageing times as compared to the datasheets for conventional Al alloys and Scalmalloy®, thus suggesting that longer ageing times are needed.

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