Inhibition of polyphenol oxidase (PPO)‐mediated browning in apple juice using different concentrations of floral honey was evaluated by performing the kinetics of PPO inhibition, effect of honey concentrations on activity of PPO and rate of quinone formation (browning) in apple juice. The antioxidant status of honey was demonstrated by 2, 2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical‐scavenging assay. Agar diffusion assay was carried out to demonstrate the antimicrobial activity of honey. Kinetic experiment suggests that honey is a noncompetitive inhibitor of PPO having Km = 3.33 mM. There exist a negative correlation (γ = −0.65) between different concentrations (50–100%, v/v) of honey and PPO activity with significant retardation in rate of browning reaction in apple juice. The DPPH radical‐scavenging activity showed that the antioxidant potential of honey strongly depends on its concentration with a positive correlation (γ = +0.96). Assessment of the antimicrobial activity of honey using agar diffusion assay demonstrated the significant inhibition of Candida albicans (Microbial Technology & Culture Collection [MTCC‐3018]), Escherichia coli (MTCC‐1588), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC‐2488) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC‐96) as compared to standard antibiotics. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumer demands for “freshness” in the minimally processed fruits and vegetables is a priority by the food processing industries. Alternate strategies for prevention of enzymatic browning in fruits and vegetables are necessary to maintain the quality and value of these produces. This study demonstrates that honey is an effective inhibitor of enzymatic browning in apple juice. Honey studied in this research also has antimicrobial and antioxidative properties; thus, its use as a browning inhibitor may have additional health and therapeutic properties.

ABSTRACT-The objective of our study is to determine its anti-inflammatory potential of protein extracted from the stings of honey bee (Apis mellifera). In this study, protein extracted from the stings of Apis mellifera using Tris HCl/ice cold acetone and determined through Nano drop method and then determined its Da protein using SDS-PAGE. In addition, indirect ELISA was performed using rubella vaccine as coating antigen and determined its antibody titre using variable concentration of sting protein (15.62-250 µg) and also determined its activity on human whole blood for determining total cellular content and proliferation against rubella vaccine antigen. The results showed that protein from stings of Apis mellifera showed drastic declined in antibody titre at higher doses but there is slightly enhancement in antibody titre, total cellular content and proliferations at lower concentration as compared to control and rubella vaccine (standard).Overall, this study suggest that stings protein of Apis mellifera showed anti-inflammatory potential against rubella vaccine antigen.

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Summers will become increasingly hot as a result of climate change, with temperatures rising above the thermoneutral range of animals, exposing them to heat stress. Oxidative stress, which is caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species, is one of the most dangerous side effects of long-term heat stress. In order to alleviate oxidative stress, metabolites required for living and development may be depleted, which can have a negative impact on animals’ growth and production performances, especially in chronic situations. Plant-derived phyto-feed additives with greater antioxidant quantity may benefit animals by lowering the effects of heat stress-induced oxidative stress. Improved pharmacological response and lack of adverse impact when compared to allopathic medications, phyto additives of curative benefit are becoming more frequent in medical research. Tinospora cordifolia is a popular term recognized as "Guduchi" or "Giloy" for its use in the treatment of different illness in naturopathic texts from the past. The bioactive components recovered from the plant, as well as its significance in prevention of illness, have helped the herbs to play a more active role in the field. It has antioxidant potential and can be exploited as a dietary additive to provide antioxidants for health benefits. The plant's common name, chemical components found in various portions of the plant, and biological functions are all covered in this review. In addition, they have potential as heat stress relievers in animals.

Avermectins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, which act on invertebrates. They activate glutamate-gated chloride channels in their nerves and muscles which in turn disrupt pharyngeal function and locomotion. Avermectin ingested insects are paralyzed and starve to death. Ten isolates identified as avermectin producers were characterized by morphological, colony characters and biochemical tests. Secondary screening leads to the identification of four isolates PM2; PM4; PM7 and PM10 which produced 10, 8.4, 3.8 and 6.9mg respectively as identified by HPTLC. Bio-autography illustrated their anti-nematodal and antiprotozoal activity; the zone of clearance (turbid) was recorded 43, 24, 32 and 37 mm respectively for PM2 through PM10.